Information competence Aim Identify Syntax and Semantic issues - - PDF document

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Information competence Aim Identify Syntax and Semantic issues - - PDF document

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INF3280 18 February 2015 Information competence Aim Identify Syntax and Semantic issues for your Assignment 2 Determine the level of mastery of these goals according to the learning models Literature

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SLIDE 1

Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

Information competence

  • Aim
  • Identify
  • Syntax and
  • Semantic issues

for your Assignment 2

  • Determine the level of mastery of these goals according to
  • the learning models
  • Literature

– Textbook chapter 7

– Except sections on problem solving competence at p79, p82-84 and p95

  • Additional literature
  • Vessey & Conger (1994) Requirement Specification:

Learning Object, Process, and Data Methodologies

1

Represe resenta tation ion syste stem

  • Partly implemented in IT

2 Domain IT IT Acti tivity ty fit

100 200 300 JanFeb MarApr May JunJulAug Sep OctNov Dec Cases Months

Malaria cases

Riversi de

Semantics Syntax

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SLIDE 2

Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

3

Information

  • About something
  • Representing it
  • Detached in time and space from what it is representing
  • Expressed in a representation system

Information No information International Standard Book Number 4

Representation system

  • Semantics

tics

  • Coupling a domain to a set of symbols
  • Meaning
  • Synta

tax

  • Symbols
  • Rules for combining symbols
  • Combined symbols

 Combined meaning

  • Examples
  • Language
  • Formal language
  • Arabic number system
  • Roman number system

Musical notation

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

Syntax

5

Many syntactic rules implemented in IT

IT IT

100 200 300 JanFeb MarApr May JunJulAug Sep OctNov Dec Cases Months

Malaria cases

Riversi de

Syntax

Types and Instances

Description of a common set of symbols and

  • perations

Integer

Number without decimals Calculation operators

A unit of data adhering to the type

6 Account Balance Owner Deposit Withdraw :Account 18 473.32 Kari :Account 3 292.00 Ola

Class Objects

234 -2 1 000 000

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

7

Data structures

1-many relationship between customer and address Not explicitly stated Restrictions on values

Aspects of an information concept

8 Aspect Example – Style Semantics The format of all paragraphs adhering to the style Synta tax - Type Composite of paragraph, character, border and numbering Synta tax – Inte tern rnal stru ructure re Name, two level hierarchy where details of paragraph, character, border and numbering are in the lower level. Synta tax – Exte tern rnal stru ructure re Can be applied to 0 or more paragraphs. All paragraphs belong to a Style. Compari risons with th

  • ther

r concepts ts Style and master slides determine layout of portions of a file. Styles apply to paragraphs, while master slides apply to slides.

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

Levels of ease of structuring data

9

Data ta and

  • bject

ct modelli ling Difficu ficult lt

Vessey & Conger, 1994

Proce cess ss modeli ling Easy sy

Customer Occupancy Room Reservation Event Travel Agent Cleaning Restuarant expense Restuarant Organiser Invoicee

10

Grammar

Structure

Combining noun, apostrophe and s

Interpret Repeat Imitate Navigate Reflect

Fix up representations which break the rules Reproduce the symbols

  • f the system

Explain the rules and how they apply

Learning syntax – example

Astruds song Astrud’s song Astrud’s song Because an apostrophe should precede the genitive s. Refer to input & output without doing the operation Type an ‘ between the name and the s

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

11

Information

Interpret Repeat Imitate Navigate Reflect Syntax skills

Fix representations which break the rules

Reproduction Skills

Reproduce the symbols

  • f the system

Functional understanding

  • f syntax

Refer to input & output without doing the operation

Learning syntax – levels of mastery

Structural understanding

  • f syntax

Explain the rules and relate concepts

Semantics

  • Users’ Meaning of the Information
  • Rules and conventions for aligning Information with Domain
  • Collectively agreed by the group of users

12 Domain

100 200 300 Jan Feb MarApr May JunJulAug Sep OctNov Dec Cases Months

Malaria cases

Riversi de

Semantics

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

13 Mammal species

Interpret Repeat Imitate Navigate Reflect Semantic tic skills ls

Aligning information and reality

Functional semantic understanding

Learning semantics – example

Tiger Lion Tiger I wonder why they wrote Tiger, is it a kind of metaphor? The word Tiger denotes a large, striped cat.

Structural semantic understanding

Semantic Skill the ability to observe the domain and enter appropriate data and to read data and relate it to the domain. Interpret Repeat Imitate Reflect Structural Understanding the ability to express the rules and conventions governing the domain- information relation Navigate Functional semantic understanding the ability to express why a state in the domain is represented by a particular piece of information Skills

Learning semantics

14

Information

Domain

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

Learning failure – interference

A paragraph is a sequence of sentences dealing with one point A paragraph is a sequence of characters ending with Enter

Learning failures Learner’s often stumble on their paths to understanding, and we often see that the concepts they develop do not correspond to those of the teacher. That does not necessarily mean that one is better than another, but some ways of understanding may be inadequate for certain purposes.

Headline. No paragraph Paragraph Paragraphs

Grammar Word processors

  • Two concepts with similar properties
  • Basing learning on the wrong preconception

15

Structural models

16

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SLIDE 9

Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

17

Person data with sources

Pittrine Lassedatter Alt1: Petrine Lassedatter Sætre Alt2: Petrine Trædal Born 6 Jan 1858 Sætre, Gulen, Sogn og Fjordane Christ. 31 Jan 1858 Brekke, Gulen, Sogn og Fjordane Marriage with Torkjell Lasseson Trædal Dead 20 Dec 1943 Trædal, Høyanger, Sogn og Fjordane Buried 30 Dec 1943 Ikjefjord, Høyanger, Sogn og Fjordane

Parish record: Brekke i Gulen (1853-1880) Page 45, no 5

Gravestones in Norway 2512909

Anders O. Torvund (1983) Family History for Lavik p 349

  • Each event may have several sources.
  • Each source can be attached to several events and several persons.
  • 1. Find the data structures

18

  • Outline views
  • Data models
  • Deduce from user interface
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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

  • 2. Decide main and sub structure types

19

Sequence Grid (array, matrix) Hierarchy Network Combinations?

  • 3. Decide user group

20

  • Most users
  • Entering and reporting  Only data
  • Superusers
  • Setting up data structures  Include types

Visit

Visit-ID Patient Visit-type

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SLIDE 11

Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

  • 4. Include abstract entities

21

  • Events

ts in the Domain represented by a record

  • Planned events

Occupancy From date # nights # guests Reservation From date # nights # guests Room type

  • 5. Include examples
  • In the model
  • Relate to

recognisable places in the user interface

22 Customer Name: Fjoralba Address: Oslo Phone: 123456 Email: fj@mail.com Reservation From date: 24.03.14 # nights: 3 # guests: 2 Room type: Luxe

New reservation

Name Fjoralba # guests 2 From 24 March 2014 # nights 2 Room type Luxe

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Jens Kaasbøll INF3280 — 18 February 2015

Start Assignment 2 making

  • A list of 1-3 concepts to include in your teaching
  • A table of the aspects for each concept
  • A structural model for Assignment 2

23