King Ahab 874-853 BC Name of Reigning years Comments King - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

King Ahab 874-853 BC

Name of King Reigning years Comments Jeroboam I 931-910 Founding king of the Northern kingdom, set up golden calves at Dan and Bethel Nadab 910-909 Jeroboam’s son, he and all Jeroboam’s family were killed in a coup Baasha 909-886 Took power in a coup, reigned in Tirzah, constant war with Judah Elah 886-885 Baasha’s son, reigned in Tirzah, killed when drunk, all other relatives killed Zimri 885 (7 days) Commander of royal chariots, killed Elah and Baasha’s family, burned down the citadel of Tirzah with himself inside Omri 885-874 Commander of the Army, attacked Zimri, founded capital of Samaria, Ahab’s father

 ruled from 885-874 BC  Bible says little about him

except that he encouraged false worship (1 Ki 16:21-28)

 history shows he caused

Israel to become a major regional power

 mentioned on the Black

Obelisk of Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (825 BC)

 mentioned on the Mesha

Inscription of Moab (800s)

 Israel became known as

“the house of Omri”

Mesha Inscription Black Obelisk

 Shechem

 the kingdom divided

into North and South

 Tirzah

 became Jeroboam’s

capital, also Baasha’s

 Zimri burned down the

citadel and himself

 Samaria

 founded by Omri  capital for the

remainder of the history of the Northern Kingdom

capital for 160 years named for Shemer,

from whom Omri bought the land

on the North-South

trade route

on a high hill in the

highlands of Ephraim

withstood attacks from

Aram and Assyria

defeated by Assyria in

722 BC

http://www.bibleplaces.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/07/Samaria-from-north-tb050800105- bibleplaces.jpg

 from Sidon in Phoenicia  a princess  daughter of Ethbaal, a king

and priest

 Ethbaal ruled Tyre and

Sidon for 32 years, according to Josephus, an ancient Jewish historian

 Jezebel was a devout

worshiper of Baal

 Baal was the young storm

god, in charge of rain and lightning

 under Jezebel’s

influence, Ahab built a Baal temple in Samaria

 it was later destroyed

by Jehu (2 Ki 10:27)

 Ahab also expanded

the palace begun by Omri

 Ruins of this palace

were excavated during a Harvard University expedition in the early 1900s

 the royal acropolis

http://www.bibleplaces.com/samaria/

the royal acropolis had

many carved ivories

“the house of ivory

that he built” (1 Ki 22:39)

Samaritan ivories

 hundreds of pieces of

artwork

 wealth, luxury  condemned by prophets

 Amos 3:15  Amos 6:4

images from Bible Odyssey, Society of Biblical Literature

 Who was Elijah?

 from Tishbe in Gilead, the Transjordan (1 Ki 17:1)  a hairy man wearing a leather belt (2 Ki 1:8)  his name (El-i Yah) means “My God is Yahweh”  he demonstrated that the Lord is the one true God and

called Israel to return to Him

 interacted with northern kings Ahab and Ahaziah

http://www.crosswalk.com/home-page/todays-features

 His messages included:

 There will be no rain for 3 years (1 Ki 17:1)  You are causing trouble by worshipping Baal (1 Ki 18:18)  Rain is coming! (1 Ki 18:44)  Your dynasty is judged for your sins (1 Ki 19:17-29)  You are going to die (2 Ki 1:3-4)

http://www.crosswalk.com/home-page/todays-features

Miracles done by God for or through Elijah

 rain and dew withheld for 3 years (1 Ki 17:1)  ravens brought Elijah food by brook (1 Ki 17:6)  widow’s flour + oil didn’t run out (1 Ki 17:16)  widow’s boy raised from the dead (1 Ki 17:22)  fire descended on the altar at Mt. Carmel and

consumed the soaked offering, wood, stones, dust, water (1 Ki 18)

 rain came when he prayed for it (1 Ki 18:42)  ran faster than Ahab’s chariot (1 Ki 18:46)  angel brought bread and water (1 Ki 19:6)  God spoke to him at Mt. Sinai (1 Ki 19:9-18)  fire from heaven fell on soldiers (2 Ki 1:10,12)  Jordan River divided with his cloak (2 Ki 2:8)  a chariot of fire took Elijah alive to heaven (2 Ki 2:11)

http://ryoleong.authorsxpress.c

• m/author/ryoleong

 ethnically related.

Abraham, Jacob, Laban called Arameans

 a tribal, semi-nomadic

Semitic people

 formed fortified city-

states in Syria with grand palaces

 gods: Hadad (Baal), Sin,

El, Shamash

 king: Ben-Hadad may

have been a throne

• name. There were at

least 3 of them as well as Hazael.

 Damascus was the

Aramean city-state most involved with Israel

 defeated by David (2 Sam 8:6)  Aram broke away from

Israelite control when the kingdom divided

 Damascus and Israel were

rivals and trading partners

 At times, Damascus

received tribute from Israel and Judah

 defeated by Assyria in 732  however their language,

Aramaic, became the common language in ANE

http://www.bibleodyssey.org/tools/image-gallery/t/tel-dan-israel- museum.aspx

Tel Dan stele – in Aramaic, honoring a victory of a king of Aram (Hazael)

an ancient kingdom centered

• n the Tigris River

a history of expansion and

retraction since ~ 2000 BC

major empire in the Ancient

Near East during 934-612 BC, the Neo-Assyrian Period

first became a threat to

Israel during Ahab’s time

great cities:

 Ashur  Nineveh  Calah (Nimrud)

kept historical records

http://www.ancient.eu/assyria/ http://www.bibleodyssey.org/tools/map-gallery/m/map-mesopotamia.aspx

Reference Battle with whom Where Who advised Ahab king of Israel Result 1 Kings 20:1-22 Ben-Hadad king of Aram Samaria (in the hills) A prophet The Israelites inflicted heavy losses on the Arameans. 1 Kings 20:23-42 Ben-Hadad king of Aram Aphek (on the plains) The man of God Many Aramean

• casualties. Ahab

made a treaty with Ben-Hadad. Kurkh Monolith Shalmaneser III king of Assyria Qarqar (northern Phoenicia) Allied with Aram, Arabs, Ammon Both sides claim

• victory. Assyrian

expansion slowed but not stopped. 1 Kings 22:1-40 Aramean armies Ramoth Gilead (Transjordan) Jehoshaphat Zedekiah Micaiah Israel defeated; Ahab struck at random, died.

 battle at Qarqar in northern

Phoenicia in 853 BC

 Assyrian king Shalmaneser III

advanced westward

 Israel was allied with 11 other states,

including Aram and Ammon; they

• verlooked their differences to face

Assyria together

 they fought to slow Assyria’s

westward expansion

 Assyria claimed victory, but progress

was slowed and Shalmaneser returned home to Assyria

 Ahab is credited, on the Kurkh

Monolith, with having one of the largest forces present – 2000 chariots and 10,000 foot soldiers

http://www.britishmuseum.org/collection images/AN00150/AN00150815_001_l.jpg

 Zedekiah and others  Ahab asked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, to fight Aram

with him

 he wanted to get back the town of Ramoth Gilead in

the Transjordan

 Jehoshaphat asked to seek the counsel of the Lord  Ahab brought together 400 prophets  they told him to go, that he would be victorious  they even acted out his victory using iron horns

http://www.crosswalk.com/home-page/ todays-features

 Micaiah

 Despite their dramatic prophesy, Jehoshaphat requested

a prophet of Yahweh

 Ahab said there was one, but “he never prophesies

anything good about me, but always bad” (1 Ki 22:8)

 Micaiah came and told Ahab the truth from God: Ahab

would die in this battle and Israel would be scattered

 Micaiah even had a vision of the throne room of God,

with a discussion of how to entice Ahab into battle

 Micaiah’s prophesy was rejected by other prophets  and he was imprisoned by Ahab  He spoke truth to power  and there were consequences for him

 The battle to get Ramoth-Gilead

back from Aram

 one of the 3 Cities of Refuge that

Joshua had set apart for the Transjordan tribes (esp. Gad)

 allied with Jehoshaphat - joint

forces of Judah and Israel

 Israel/Judah were defeated  Ahab was disguised in battle  he was struck by chance, mortally

wounded, and died in his chariot

 Micaiah’s words proved true  false prophets’ words were false  Ahab’s son Joram tried to win this

town back from Aram. It didn’t turn out well for him either.

 Why did Ahab want Naboth’s vineyard?  Why did Naboth refuse to sell?  How did Ahab react? How did Jezebel react?  What was Jezebel’s view of kingship?  Did Jezebel know Israel’s laws – of cursing, of

accusation, of the death penalty, of land

• wnership?

 Who does Elijah hold responsible for Naboth’s

death? Why?

 What was God’s judgment that Elijah proclaimed?  What did Ahab do when he heard the judgment?  How did God react?

 Was an Israelite king bound by law? Why?  Solomon wanted wives, horses, money.  Jeroboam I wanted a convenient, popular religion.  Ahab wanted land.

 Did each of them get what he wanted?  How did he go about getting what he wanted?  How did God respond to their actions?

 What did God want in a king?  Which of these kings repented?  How did God respond to the king’s repentance?

Humble yourselves under the mighty power of God, and at the right time he will lift you up in honor.

(1 Peter 5:6)

King Joram

 Ahab’s 2nd ruling son  Ahab’s first son, Ahaziah, died young  Joram’s story is told in:

 2 Kings 3

Prophet Elisha

 successor to Elijah (1 Ki 19:19-21)  prophet to the Northern Kingdom  Elisha’s stories are told in:

 2 Kings 2-8