Michigan Wellhead Protection Program Seven Elements of WHPP 1) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Michigan Wellhead Protection Program Seven Elements of WHPP 1) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 13, 2023 548 likes •928 views

Michigan Wellhead Protection Program Seven Elements of WHPP 1) Roles and Responsibilities : identify WHPP team 2) Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): delineate Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): delineate the area that contributes groundwater to wells

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SLIDE 1

Michigan Wellhead Protection Program

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SLIDE 2

Seven Elements of WHPP

1) Roles and Responsibilities: identify WHPP team 2) Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): delineate

the area that contributes groundwater to wells

3) Sources of Contamination: inventory sources of

contamination within the WHPA

4) Management: develop methods/plan to manage the

WHPA and minimize threat to water supply (e.g. land-use restrictions, BMPs)

5) Contingency Planning: personnel, equipment and

procedures to respond to water supply emergencies

6) New Wells: incorporate new sources into WHPP 7) Public Outreach and Education: involve the

community – administrators, customers, etc.

Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): delineate

the area that contributes groundwater to wells

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SLIDE 3

WELLHEAD PROTECTION A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

JAMESTOWN VIRGINIA’S SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM

THE PROCLAMATION - 1610 “There shall be no man or woman dare to wash any unclean linen, wash clothes...nor rinse or make clean any kettle, pot

  • r pan, or any suchlike vessel within twenty feet of the old

well or new pump. Nor shall anyone aforesaid within less than a quarter mile of the fort, dare to do the necessities of nature, since by these unmanly, slothful, and loathsome immodesties, the whole fort may be choked and poisoned.” Governor Gage

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SLIDE 4

Traditional Approach to Protecting GW Supplies

  • Maintain Isolation Distance

from “minor” and “major” sources

  • Minor or Sanitary Protection

Radius (septic system, etc.)

  • Community – 200 feet
  • Noncommunity - 75 feet
  • Major - existing and

“big potential” contaminant sources

  • Community – 2000 feet
  • Noncommunity - 800 feet

(LUST, landfills, environmental contamination (201 Sites), bulk chemical storage)

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SLIDE 5

The he s surf rface ce a and s subs bsurf rface ce a are rea sur urrounding unding a wa wate ter we well o

  • r we

well fie field, d, sup uppl plying ing a pub public ic wa wate ter s syste tem, th through ugh wh whic ich conta ntamina inants nts are reasona nably lik ikely to to move ve to towa ward a d and nd re reach ch such ch water w r well o ll or r wellfield

Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA)

WHPA = 10 year time-of-travel

Synonyms: contributing area, capture zone, zone of capture

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SLIDE 6

GW Flow-Based Delineation vs Fixed Radius

WHPA - Rockford WHPA Lake Bella Vista .5 mi radial circle

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SLIDE 7

What information is needed to delineate WHPA?

  • Well Location
  • GW Elevations
  • Hydraulic

Conductivity

  • Pumping Rate

Most Important

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SLIDE 8

Map GW Elevations

Yellow lines depict lines of equal potential

  • r

equivalent head

high head low head

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SLIDE 9

GW Flow No Pumping

Forward Particle Tracking

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SLIDE 10

Calculate Drawdown

Simulate Impact of Well

100 Days continuous pumping

“Cone of Depression”

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SLIDE 11

Superimpose Drawdown

Note deflection in potentio- metric surface

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SLIDE 12

Contributing Area to Well

GW Flow with Pumping Reverse Particle Tracking

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SLIDE 13

WHPA “10 Yr. Capture Zone”

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SLIDE 14

MGMT

Michigan Groundwater Management Tool

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SLIDE 15

MGMT

  • Delineating WHPAs
  • Contaminant migration
  • Groundwater flow direction

A tool for analyzing groundwater flow using available data

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SLIDE 16

Why Not Use Existing Information?

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SLIDE 17

MIV

MGMT

GWIM WELLOGIC

Existing Information Sources

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SLIDE 18

NECESSARY INFORMATION (Revisited)

  • GW Elevation Map
  • Hydraulic

Conductivity

  • Well Location
  • Pumping Rate
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SLIDE 19

Available Data

WELLOGIC

  • Water Well

Database

  • ~575,000 Records
  • Well Locations

– Lat/Long

  • GW Elevations

– Land Surface – Static Water Level

  • K Estimates

– Assigned during the GWIM Project – Lithology and Land System based

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SLIDE 20

Information from Water Well and Pump Record Land Surface Elevation Location

GWIM Project Geology K Assignment

Static Water Level Static Water Elevation

= 850 ft amsl

870 feet AMSL Minus 20 feet BGL

Location Static Water Elevation Hydrualic Conductivity

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SLIDE 21

Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity

“K”

High Medium/High Medium Low/Medium Low

Distribution completed for entire state Drift & Bedrock

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SLIDE 22
  • Michigan

Geographic Data Library

  • Political

boundaries

  • Roads
  • Lakes
  • Rivers
  • Watershed

boundaries

  • Air photos
  • Geologic maps
  • etc.

Other Available Data

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How Do We Map GW Elevations and Determine GW Flow Directions From Available Data?

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SLIDE 24

Potentiometric Surface from WELLOGIC Data Basic Kriging

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Data Processing

  • Using water well records only
  • Remove noise and data errors

– Filtering – Outlier analysis

  • Kriging

– Data interpolation – Smooth surface depicting GW flow

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SLIDE 26

Filtering and Outlier Analysis

Obviously wrong Statistically wrong

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SLIDE 27

Potentiometric Surface Comparison

Standard Kriging MGMT Kriging

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What Did We Do to Show That Our Data Processing Resulted in Correct GW Flow Directions? Comparison Between Field-Generated Maps And MGMT-Generated Maps

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MGMT – 1737 points Measured – 66 points

FIELD versus MGMT

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Comparison between Orientation of Traditional WHPAs and MGMT Maps

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GW flow direction Verification

Coldwater Rockford Saranac

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Compare traditional WHPA delineation with MGMT delineation

City of Mount Pleasant

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Proposed Uses of MGMT

  • Delineation of “Provisional” WHPAs:
  • Community water supplies without the

resources to complete WHPA delineations

  • Nontransient, Noncommunity water supplies
  • Completed district by district
  • Evaluation of new well sites
  • Community
  • Non-Community systems
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SLIDE 34

Note on Provisional WHPAs

  • Traditional WHPAs are

differentiated from Provisional WHPAs

  • Wellhead Protection activities in

both are eligible for grant funds

  • They do not eliminate the need
  • r value of traditional WHPA

delineations

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SLIDE 35
  • 3,450 Wells

Lat-Long Locations Confirmed

  • WHPAs

Traditional – 324 Provisional – 897 Low Tritium – 55

Total - 1276

Community Water Supply Database

Available Data

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SLIDE 36

Available Data

Nontransient Noncommunity Water Supplies

  • 1,931 Wells

Locations Confirmed

  • Provisional

WHPAs 1434

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SLIDE 37

Area of Michigan 96,716 mi2 Low Vulnerability 53 SWPAs - 158.14 mi2 Traditional 329 WHPAs - 646.69 mi2 Total 382 SWPAs or WHPAs 804.83 mi2 Pre-MGMT: 0.832%

Pre – MGMT WHPA STATISTICS Post – MGMT WHPA STATISTICS

Type I WHPAs 1270 WHPAs – 1601.22 mi2 Type II NTR WHPAs 1394 WWPAs – 814.46 mi2 Total 2664 WHPAs – 2415.68 mi2 WHPAs as Percentage 2.498 %