Opening the Gravitational Wave Window Gabriela Gonzlez Louisiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Opening the Gravitational Wave Window Gabriela Gonzlez Louisiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Opening the Gravitational Wave Window Gabriela Gonzlez Louisiana State University For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy the Virgo Collaboration CUWIP meeting, Baton Rouge, LA January 19, 2014 LIGO

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Opening the Gravitational Wave Window

  • Gabriela González

Louisiana State University For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration CUWIP meeting, Baton Rouge, LA January 19, 2014

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Louisiana, USA LIGO Hanford Observatory Washington, USA Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy

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Newtons’ gravity

  • “Newton’s law”: F = Gm1m2/r2

Explains why apples fall, why the planets move around the Sun,…

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sciencebulletins.amnh.org And in YouTube!

Einstein’s gravity

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When masses move, they wrinkle the space time fabric, making other masses move…

Einstein’s gravitation

  • .. but it also predicts

traveling away from moving masses!

Explains just as well as Newtons’ why things fall and planetary motion…

Einstein’s messengers, National Science Foundation video www.einsteinsmessengers.org

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From stars living in galaxies…

Where do gravitational waves come from?

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Supernova explosions (that form a BH or a NS) From stars living in galaxies…

Where do gravitational waves come from?

  • Credits: Animation: NASA/CXC/D.Berry & A.Hobart
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From stars living in galaxies…

Where do gravitational waves come from?

  • Rotating stars (pulsars)

Credit: NASA/CXC/ASU/J.Hester et al.

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Supernova explosions From stars living in galaxies…

Where do gravitational waves come from?

  • Rotating stars (pulsars)

Credit: John Rowe

Binary systems coalescing into a black hole

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Supernova explosions From stars living in galaxies…

Where do gravitational waves come from?

  • Rotating stars (pulsars)

..and from the beginning of the Universe!

Credit: NASA/WMAP

Binary systems coalescing into a black hole

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How to detect gravitational waves
 with an interferometer

  • Einstein’s messengers,

National Science Foundation video

http://www.einsteinsmessengers.org/

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Gravitational waves: how big?

  • Gravitational waves are quadrupolar distortions of

distances between freely falling masses. They are produced by time-varying mass quadrupoles.

Gµν = 8πG c 4 Tµν (= 0 in vacuum) gµν = ηµν + hµν

h = ΔL L

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The LIGO Observatories

  • Livingston, LA

Hanford, WA

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The GW Detector Network 2005-2010

GEO600

LIGO Hanford LIGO Livingston

Virgo

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LIGO Scientific Collaboration
 www.ligo.org

  • 900+ members, 86+ institutions, 17 countries

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https://www.zeemaps.com/map?group=245330

roster.ligo.org

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LIGO Detectors 2009-10 (S6)

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Find all LSC results and publications in www.ligo.org - science tab

Crab pulsar (NASA, Chandra Observatory)

?

10-23 10-22 10-21 10-20 10-19

Strain (1/ Hz)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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Frequency (Hz)

Hanford 4 km S6 Livingston 4 km S6 Initial LIGO Science Requirement

Strain (1/√Hz)

NASA, WMAP

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Some interesting results 2005-2011

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atlasofthe universe.com

GRB070201

  • Astrophys. J. 681 (2008) 1419

GW100916

  • Phys. Rev D85 (2012) 082002
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In progress: Advanced LIGO

  • Vacuum system – same as initial LIGO

US NSF funding for Advanced LIGO: 2008-2015.

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More on Adv LIGO: 
 LIGO magazine in www.ligo.org

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Are we there yet?

  • Neutron Star Binaries:

Initial LIGO: Average BNS reach ~15 Mpc → rate ~1/50yrs Advanced LIGO: ~ 200 Mpc “Realistic rate” ~ 40/year (but can be 0.4-400) Other binary systems: NS-BH: 0.004/yr → 10/yr BH-BH: 0.007/yr→ 20/yr

  • Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 173001 (2010)

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Coming soon near you:
 Advanced GW Detectors running!

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arXiv:1304.0670

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The GW Detector Network~2020

GEO600

Advanced LIGO Hanford Advanced LIGO Livingston

Advanced Virgo LIGO-India KAGRA

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Multi-messenger astronomy

  • The astrophysical events

we expect produce electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, neutrinos… we need all eyes and ears open!

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Gravitational waves are coming!

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www.ligo.org