SESSION THREE DEPOSIT RETURN SCHEMES: A LA PERSPECTIVE JOHN COATES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SESSION THREE

DEPOSIT RETURN SCHEMES: A LA PERSPECTIVE

JOHN COATES GROUP MANAGER, NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE COUNCIL

Deposit Return Schemes (DRS) Local Authority perspective

What is DRS?

• Return of a container (material) for a reward
• 40 countries and 21 US states currently have a DRS
• Typically, countries with a DRS for plastic bottles

achieve recycling rates of approximately 80% – 95%

• In Norway, a deposit of 1 Krone (approximately

10p) applied at Point of Sale (POS)

• South Australia refund of 10C (approximately 6p)

per plastic bottle or aluminium can

DRS design

• Which materials will be captured
• Design and operation of the collection point
• How the resident receives their refund
• How the collection points are serviced
• Who is responsible for maintenance, repair and

legal compliance (testing certification)

• Universal provision across all LA or local discretion?
• How the materials are recorded e.g. Wastedataflow
• Who claims the recycling tonnage

Which materials will be captured in any system?

• By construction material – plastic, metal,

glass

• By function – drinks containers
• By size – 250ml, 330ml, 0.5ltr or larger
• Exclusion for certain contents – milk, juice

and concentrates, alcohol

Where will DRS be?

• In transport hubs – trains, planes and auto

buses?

• In place of bring sites?
• In high streets and retail parks?
• At the HWRC / CA site?
• In shops like the change refund machines?
• Everywhere – wherever there is a litter bin

now?

From these examples

• Clear separation of glass from other material streams
• Presumably to reflect sorting technology at next stage in

the process

• Glass contaminates other material streams (breaking,

abrasive) but retains value if kept separated

• UK – protection from theft or attack?

The arguments for

• 2017 survey by YouGov showed that 73% of respondents to a survey

were in favour of introducing a DRS in the UK

• October 2017 Defra issued call for evidence
• 80% of marine litter comes from land based sources due to poor

waste management practices

• Blue Planet II
• Now frequently on local media especially those with coastlines
• Plastic is in the public weltanschauung

The Government response

• Defra March 2018 “the government has confirmed it will

introduce a deposit return scheme in England for single use drinks containers (whether plastic, glass or metal), subject to consultation later this year”

• Michael Gove: “This approach has already seen great success in
• ther countries such as Denmark in curbing plastic pollution and

we want to hear people’s ideas on how we could make it work in England.”

DRS LARAC policy position

LARAC recommends that if a DRS system were introduced it should target ‘on the go’ and prioritise materials not universally collected at the kerbside and which are currently hard to recycle. A full impact analysis should be completed for any proposed DRS system with specific reference to impacts on local authority operations

This offers potential to help with the vast and expensive littering problem that local authorities are left to deal with and could include single use ‘on the go’ items such as coffee cups, cartons and smaller drinks containers being considered as a priority over larger beverage containers which are regularly collected at the kerbside

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Glass Cans

Tonnes

• £10,000

£0 £10,000 £20,000 £30,000 £40,000 £50,000 £60,000 £70,000 £80,000 £90,000 Start P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12

Recycling Income

Mixed cans Glass – clear Glass – green Glass – brown Glass – mixed

Impact on LA’s?

• Cans are “good earners” for LAs
• Plastics support CV and moisture % of EfW

contracts

• Changes to CV and/or moisture could

cause serious contractual problems

• Are Government considering this impact

and protecting LA’s?

Final thoughts

• Do we want DRS because we want to

increase recycling?

• Do we want DRS because it will reduce

litter?

• We will we still have to collect litter for all

the non-DRS items?

• Will it reduce marine litter around the UK?
• Will turtles still die on prime time TV?

Final final thoughts

• Is DRS an extension of EPR?
• What will the cost of DRS be?
• Many schemes funded by cash addition at

POS not being reclaimed

• Is an alternative option to put that money

directly into kerbside collected materials?

• All will be revealed in ………….. “RAWS: The

Beginning”

LARAC Website

www.larac.org.uk

John Coates LARAC Executive Representative for Yorkshire & The Humber john.coates@northlincs.gov.uk

PLASTICS RECYCLING: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAS

STUART FOSTER CEO, RECOUP

Fight Against Plastics

Plastics Recycling

The Challenges and Opportunities For Local Authorities

28th June 2018

Waste

www.recoup.org

Our vision is to lead and inform the continued development of plastics recycling that is sustainable and protects resources

“Ensuring that this valuable resource is recycled is a key part of developing a circular economy, improving resource security, and achieving environmental responsibility.”

Professor David Bellamy OBE, RECOUP Patron and Environmental Campaigner

Charitable Objectives a) To advance the education of the public on the subject of recycling plastics so as to protect the environment b) To preserve and protect the physical and natural environment for the public benefit through the promotion of waste reduction and recycling of plastics

A European

• pean Str

trat ategy egy for Plastics lastics in a Ci Circular cular Economy conomy

• Aims at reducing the leakage of plastic in the environment by transforming

the way products are designed, manufactured, used and recycled

• Make better use of taxation and other economic instruments to reward the

uptake of secondary plastics

• Put in place well-designed EPR schemes, including introducing deposit

return incentives, in particular for beverage containers

• Raise the cost of landfilling and incineration and promote plastic recycling

and prevention

• Develop a global response to the increase in marine litter

Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment

Source : https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/initiatives/com-2018-340_en

Legis egislatio lation n & Co Consultat nsultations ions - UK UK

Policy y & Cons nsulta ltations tions

• 25 Year Environment Plan - eradicate all

avoidable plastic waste by 2042

• Producer Responsibility (PR) and

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

• Single use plastics call for evidence –

closed 18th May

• Developing plans for a deposit return

scheme for consultation - later this year

• Resources & Waste Strategy – later this

year

2017 UK Pla lastic Pack ckaging Recycling Data

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2017 Total Total Tonnes 261,008 250,646 274,588 258,120 1,044,362 UK Tonnes 80,099 95,749 94,013 88,562 358,423 UK % 31% 38% 34% 34% 34%

UK Plastic Packaging Arisings and Recycling Data

Plastic Packaging Arisings from UK Plasflow report

Total (k tonnes) Rigid (k tonnes) Film (k tonnes) Consumer 1,534 1,119 414 Non Consumer 726 378 348 Total 2,260 1,497 763

2020 48% estimated recycling 1075kt recycled 2025 If 55% estimated recycling 1,210kt recycled 2017 46.2% recycling 1045kt recycled

Quarterly plastic PRN UK vs export

50 100 150 200 250 300 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total UK Tonnes

Global Plastic Leakage

Source : British Plastics Federation

US CanadaS Europe Japan China Hong Kong Central & South America Africa & Middle East Other Asia Australasia 2004 TRADE FLOWS 50-200kt 200-500kt 500+kt 10-50kt

Ktonnes / Year Country 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Malaysia 101 135 153 249 555 Others 229 223 225 295 415 Vietnam 88 88 134 249 401 Turkey 29 19 33 126 315 India 160 139 127 108 173 Indonesia 26 32 42 49 94 Hong Kong 906 770 765 409 177 China 1731 1640 1636 1057 81

EU 28 Plastic Waste Export Trends

Source : Plastics Recyclers Europe

https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Asia-Insight/China-s-scrap-plastic-ban-saddles-neighbors-with-piles-of-problems

Pack Recyclability Reviews

Sustainable Design Considerations

RECYCLABILITY VALUE CHAIN IMPROVEMENT LITTER PREVENTION

• Sealing Layers
• Foil Laminates
• Plastic Laminates
• Labels
• Polymers
• Colour
• Size
• Adhesive
• Biodegradables
• Compostables
• Sealing Layers
• Foil Laminates
• Plastic Laminates
• Labels
• Colour
• Sleeves
• Polymers
• Small Components
• Detachables
• Caps
• Rip strips
• Single Use

Incompatible with recycling processes Likely to be littered

• r leaked into the

environment Value is not maximised

• r infrastructure does

not exist

FACTS TS & S & STATS TS – UK COLLEC OLLECTION TION RA RATES TES

• 58% Plastic Bottles

(74% Drinks Bottles)

• 32% Plastic Pots, Tubs and Trays
• Plastic film?

Pol

• lymer

ymers s In Th The e Household

• usehold Co

Collection llections

• All these plastics are technically recyclable
• Not all are recycled

PET

HDPE PVC

LDPE

OTHER

PS

6

PP

What is More Recyclable / Actually Recycled?

CONSUMER NSUMER INSIGHT NSIGHT

77% of survey respondents when not sure about an items recyclability will typically put it in the general rubbish 74% of survey respondents are very or fairly interested in knowing more about what happens to plastics once it has been collected for recycling

Consumer facing brand for RECOUP recycling & anti-litter communications & campaigns Work in partnership with others or as a stand alone activity for your organisation Aims

• Boost plastic packaging recycling in the UK
• Achieve real behaviour change through consistent and simple messages

Mission

• Promote consistency, remove confusion and increase plastics collected for

recycling through education, communication and mobilisation

Tools and Support For Consumer Engagement

• Free Toolkit - Provides all resources needed to run

a plastics recycling communications campaign

• Plastic Info Hub – education point for plastic and

plastic recycling

• Communication Visuals – posters, social media,

public transport ads, press ads, banners

• Written Content – for social media, websites &

leaflets

• Education pack – assembly presentation and

activities, factsheets, lesson plan, video

• Match fund opportunities
• Free roadshow / consumer engagement support

Cutting The Confusion

High Streets Theme Parks Offices Airports and Train Stations Shopping centres NHS Hospitals Universities Events Beaches

Recycling on the go

Olympics Sports Stadiums

• Key barriers to ‘On the Go’ recycling are:
• High levels of contamination
• Inadequate budget for consumer communications and education
• Procurement, maintenance and collection costs
• Investment is needed to prove the business case for ‘On the Go’

collection schemes:

• Good data to assess costs and potential benefits
• Procurement and installation of bins, scheme maintenance and collection of material
• Consumer communication / education to promote effective use of ‘On the Go’ schemes

http://www.recoup.org/p/300/disposal-on-the-go-local-authority-survey

‘On the go’ local authority survey

• Over 100 Local Authorities responded
• Very limited collection data
• Inadequate ‘On the Go’ collection infrastructure
• Examples of recycling ‘On the Go’ units being

removed

How Not To Do It…….

Fit for purpose on the go systems

• Location
• Unit Type
• Branding
• Service arrangements
• Ownership
• End destinations
• Communications
• Data and reporting

Sustaina stainable ble / C / Circular cular Procur

• curement

ement

Summary

• A year of change – watch this space
• Take responsibility for quality
• Sensible approach to consistency
• Be ready for changes via EPR / DRS
• Effective and ongoing consumer engagement
• Regularly ensure market audit trails exist
• Consider where single use plastic is genuinely not needed
• Specify recycled content and recyclable materials
• Support RECOUP, let RECOUP support you

TIME TO STOP BASHING THE PLASTIC

JAMES LEE MANAGING DIRECTOR, CROMWELL POLYTHENE

Time to stop bashing the plastics James Lee 28th June 2018

Who we are

We are proud to be an independent, family-run business, committed to supply products for the capture and containment of waste and recyclables to Local Authorities and the Waste Management industry.

Our mission

To be the most resourceful company in plastics, supplying products that help make the world cleaner, greener, and more economical.

Our vision

To continue to...

• Supply products with the highest recycled content, that are recyclable, reusable, or compostable
• Minimise greenhouse gas emissions through efficient product design, packaging, and production
• Improve environmental credentials of operations and distribution
• Share knowledge and values with all our partners to promote resource efficiency

Our values

Integrity * Quality * Reliable * Environment * Innovation * Family

Resource Efficiency

We supply approx. 10,100 tonnes of polythene and compostable plastic a year Waste sacks collecting = 1.6m tonnes of waste Recycling sacks collecting = 1.1m tonnes of recyclables Compostable bags collecting = 200k tonnes organic waste* (8,000 lorry loads) 2.9m tonnes of resources collected a year = 0.3% of plastic needed to recover (some of which compostable)

* Based on an estimated 50% participation rate

8,500 tonnes Recycled PE 900 tonnes Virgin PE 700 tonnes Compostable

An idealistic world, versus reality

Why are we here, today?

• Gather information
• Personal development
• Network
• Representatives of organisations
• Vested interests in delivering environmental/economic benefits
• To improve the environment (and human health)
• It’s your job

Marine Litter

88 88–95% of

• f plas

asti tic in n the the oc

• cean

an com

• mes

fr from

• m jus

just t 10 10 ri rivers

Plastic Facts Slide

Plastic waste is only 2% of all waste generated in the UK Plastic packaging waste is only 20%

• f all packaging

waste

22% of plastic packaging in the UK goes to landfill  The industry wants this to be zero by 2030.

In terms of recycling performance the UK is 7th

• ut of 30 European

nations.  The industry is aiming to improve that further to best in class.

2% 20%

Options (for waste sacks and bags)

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable Polythene (PE)

   

Lightweight PE

 ()  

Reusable

  () 

Compostable

()   

Paper

 ()  ()

Hessian & Jute

   ()

(Bio)degradable

 ()  

• Reduce dependency on hydrocarbon-based virgin polymer
• <=100% recycled content
• Encourage demand for recyclate (circular economy)
• 1.5 Tonnes CO2 saving over virgin polymer
• Can be reusable
• Recyclable
• High calorific value (energy recovery)

Recycled Polythene (PE)

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Polythene (PE)

   

Lightweight Polythene (Single-use)

• Resource efficient (highest yield per tonne of material)
• Reduced energy (less power consumed per unit in production)
• Less packaging
• Optimisation of transport (more units per load/fewer vehicle journeys/miles)
• Lower emissions through the supply chain
• Recyclable (and reusable)
• Minimum waste at disposal/treatment
• High Calorific value as EFW
• GWP: 1.578kg/1kg

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Lightweight PE

 ()  

Reusable PE/PP

• Robust
• High level of reusability
• Can be recyclable
• Harbour bacteria, not suitable for food contact
• Require regular washing (more impact)
• GWP: 23.088kg/1kg

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Reusable

  () 

• Biodegradable
• OK Compost Standard EN13432
• DinCertco (now TUV Rheinland) Certification e.g. 7P0438
• Decompose in industrial composting facility within 6-10 weeks
• GWP: 4.184kg/1kg

http://www.dincertco.tuv.com/search?locale=en&q=cromwell

Compostable

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Compostable

()   

Paper Bags

• Paper recycling uses 91% more energy compared to plastic
• In landfill, paper bags generate 60% more greenhouse gas emissions than plastic, and 79% more when

composted

• CO2 equivalent emissions per 100 million bags:

Plastic bags: 3,097 tonnes Paper bags: 7,621 tonnes Composted Paper bags: 14,558 tonnes

• GWP: 5.525kg/1kg

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Paper

 ()  ()

Hessian or Jute

• High environmental impact through cultivation and production
• Harbour bacteria, not suitable for food contact
• Require regular washing
• Unrealistic level of re-use required
• GWP: 273.111kg/1kg

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

Hessian or Jute

   ()

(Bio)degradable

• Oxo-degradable is NOT biodegradable
• Not recyclable
• Not compostable
• Fragment to micro plastic particles
• No justification regardless of disposal route
• GWP: 1.750kg/1kg

Recycled Content Reusable Recyclable Compostable

(Bio)degradable

 ()  

Global Warming Potential

Number of re-uses for same GWP per kg of product Lightweight PE bags

x 1

(1.578kg) Paper Bags

x 4

(5.525kg) Polythene Bag for Life

x 5

(6.924kg) Woven PP Bag

x 15

(23.088kg) Hessian or Jute Bag

x 173

(273.11kg)

Is plastic the devil-incarnate or a godsent material?

• Neither, it’s what we do with it and how we handle it afterwards that’s important
• Used correctly, it saves resources through resource efficiency
• It should be appropriate for the application
• Cradle to cradle concept should design-in re-usability, recycled content, recyclability, and design-out

unnecessary waste

• Compostable where appropriate (lose resource to the circular economy)

• We risk burning through more resources if we revert to alternative, heavier packaging
• Let’s not forget the health and environmental benefits

Is plastic packaging bad for the environment?

Yes No

Everything we do and all the materials we use have an environmental impact Plastic itself isn’t the problem, it’s the people and their behaviour

Blue Planet II Effect

• Blue planet bandwagon
• Greenwash
• Etc.

Great, because finally our markets are open to hearing about: 1. Re-usable 2. Recycled 3. Recyclable 4. Compostable (WRAP 2025 Plastic PACT Pledge) And virgin polymer is being relegated to second choice for appropriate applications.

Sources

https://www.marinelitterthefacts.com/ Jambeck et al. 'Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean’ Schmidt, Krauth, Wagner 'Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea', Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017. http://www.bpf.co.uk/packaging/environment.aspx https://www.carrierbagtax.com/downloads/CBC_Web_Pages.pdf http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/the-uk-plastics-pact