The LHCf experiment ~ Calibration of interaction models of UHECRs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The LHCf experiment ~ Calibration of interaction models of UHECRs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007 The LHCf experiment ~ Calibration of interaction models of UHECRs at 10 17 eV by LHC ~ Yoshitaka Itow Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University For the LHCf collaboration

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

The LHCf experiment

~ Calibration of interaction models

  • f UHECRs at 1017eV by LHC ~

Yoshitaka Itow Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University For the LHCf collaboration

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SLIDE 2

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Motivation: GZK problem of UHECR

AUGER ICRC07

GZK cut off ? Energy scale issues among the experiments must be settled Composition is important to understand origin

T.Yamamoto et al ICRC07,astro-ph/0707.2638

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SLIDE 3

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Interaction model dependence of air shower

  • Atm. depth

#of particles

AGASA alt.

Model dependence

Systematic error in AGASA Total ±18% Interaction model (QGSJET, SIBYLL) < 10% (Takeda et al., 2003)

J.Knapp Astropart. Phys.19 (2003) 77

Florescence should be OK ( a few %) for E-scale But FD SD problem

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SLIDE 4

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Motivation: UHECR primary composition

Implication depends on which model is used

J.Knapp Astropart. Phys.19 (2003) 77 QGSJET01 : proton

QGSJET01 : Iron

SIBYL2.1 : proton

SIBYL2.1 : Iron

p ? or Fe ?

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SLIDE 5

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Composition at GZK region

QGSJETII-03 : proton QGSJETII03 : Iron SIBYL2.1 : proton SIBYL2.1 : Iron

p or Fe ? Is important to understand origin

M.Unger et al ICRC07,astro-ph/0706.1495

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SLIDE 6

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Contribution from very forward production

5×1019 eV proton showers ( 60 deg zenith) # of electrons

No cut low XF γ origin ( xF < 0.05 ) π,Κ origin ( xF < 0.1 ) Half of shower particles comes from large XF γ

Measurement at very forward region Is needed

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SLIDE 7

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

IP1, ATLAS, LHCf IP5, CMS IP2, ALICE IP8, LHCb

LHC: 7TeV+7TeV collision 1017eV at lab frame

First collision at 2008

LHCf experiment Measurement of γ and n at 0 deg at 1017eV

c.f. Previously by UA7 @ SPS Elab=1014eV

( E. Pare et al, Phys. Lett., B242 (1990))

Dedicated detectors located at +-140m at IP1

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SLIDE 8

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

The LHCf Collaboration

ITALY ITALY Firenze University and INFN: Firenze University and INFN: O.Adriani O.Adriani,, ,, L.Bonechi L.Bonechi, , M.Bongi M.Bongi, , G.Castellini G.Castellini, , R.D R.D’ ’Alessandro Alessandro, , P.Papini P.Papini Catania University and INFN: Catania University and INFN: A.Tricomi A.Tricomi JAPAN: JAPAN: STE Laboratory Nagoya University: STE Laboratory Nagoya University: K.Fukui K.Fukui, , Y.Itow Y.Itow, , T.Mase T.Mase, , K.Masuda K.Masuda, Y. , Y. Matsubara, Matsubara, H.Menjo H.Menjo, ,T.Sako T.Sako, , K.Taki K.Taki, , H. H. Watanabe Watanabe Shibaura Shibaura Institute of Technology Institute of Technology: : K.Yoshida K.Yoshida Kanagawa University: Kanagawa University: T.Tamura T.Tamura, , K.Tanaka K.Tanaka K Ko

  • na

nan n University: University: Y.Muraki Y.Muraki Waseda Waseda University: University: K.Kasahara K.Kasahara, , K.Mizuishi K.Mizuishi, , Y.Shimizu Y.Shimizu, , S.Torii S.Torii SPAIN SPAIN IFIC Valencia: IFIC Valencia: A.Fauss A.Fauss, , J.Velasco J.Velasco FRANCE FRANCE Ecole Ecole Politechnique Politechnique Paris: Paris: M.

  • M. Haguenauer

Haguenauer USA USA LBNL Berkeley: LBNL Berkeley:

  • W. Turner
  • W. Turner

CERN CERN D.Macina D.Macina, A.L. , A.L. Perrot Perrot

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

LHCf experiment

ATLAS

140m

LHCf Detector

IP1

140m 95mm

Compact calorimeter TAN absorber

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Letter Of Intent: May 2004 Letter Of Intent: May 2004 Technical report: September 2005 Technical report: September 2005 Technical Design Report: February 2006 Technical Design Report: February 2006 LHCC approval: June 7 LHCC approval: June 7th

th, 2006

, 2006

The 6th approved experiment at LHC

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SLIDE 11

Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Detector # 1

16 scintillator layers 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick) (3 mm thick) Trigger and energy Trigger and energy profile measurements profile measurements

Absorber Absorber

22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 22 tungsten layers 7mm thick

  • 44 X

44 X0

0 (1.6

(1.6 λ λI

I)

) in total in total (W: X (W: X0

0 = 3.5mm, R

= 3.5mm, RM

M = 9mm)

= 9mm)

4 pairs of 4 pairs of scintillating fiber scintillating fiber layers layers for tracking for tracking purpose (6, 10, 30, 42 purpose (6, 10, 30, 42 r.l r.l.) .)

Energy Energy Impact point ( Impact point (η η) )

2 2 towers towers ~ ~24 cm long 24 cm long stacked stacked vertically vertically with with 5 5 mm gap mm gap Lower Lower:2 cm x 2 cm area :2 cm x 2 cm area Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm area Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm area

θ < 300 < 300 µ µrad rad

Compact to prevent multi particle hits Double stacks to tag π0 2γ

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Detector # 2

4 pairs of 4 pairs of silicon microstrip layers silicon microstrip layers (6, 12, 30, 42 (6, 12, 30, 42 r.l r.l.) for tracking .) for tracking purpose (X and Y) purpose (X and Y) impact point impact point

We We use use LHC style LHC style electronics electronics and and readout readout

16 scintillator layers 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick) (3 mm thick) Trigger and energy Trigger and energy profile profile measurements measurements

Absorber Absorber

22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 22 tungsten layers 7mm thick

  • 44 X

44 X0

0 (1.6

(1.6 λ λI

I) in total

) in total (W: X (W: X0

0 = 3.5mm, R

= 3.5mm, RM

M = 9mm)

= 9mm)

2 2 towers towers 24 cm long 24 cm long stacked stacked

  • n
  • n their

their edges edges and offset and offset from from one

  • ne another

another Lower Lower:2.5 cm x 2.5 cm :2.5 cm x 2.5 cm Upper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm Upper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm

Energy Energy

θ θ < 400 < 400 µ µrad rad

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Detectors already in hand and calibrated

Detector #1 Detector #2

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

SPS Beam Test

LHCf LHCf Detector Detector Silicon Silicon Tracker Tracker Moving Table Moving Table Trigger Trigger Scintillator Scintillator

  • CERN : SPS T2 H4

CERN : SPS T2 H4

  • Summers 2004, 2006, 2007

Summers 2004, 2006, 2007

  • Incident Particles

Incident Particles

  • Proton

Proton 150,350 150,350 GeV/c GeV/c

  • Electron 100,200

Electron 100,200 GeV/c GeV/c

  • Muon

Muon 150 150 GeV/c GeV/c

Setup Setup

Test was successful Test was successful Analysis is under way for Analysis is under way for

  • Energy calibration of the

Energy calibration of the calorimeters calorimeters

  • Spatial resolution of the

Spatial resolution of the tracking systems tracking systems

  • PID capability , etc

PID capability , etc… …

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Performances of the LHCf Detector

SciFi Position Resolution SciFi Position Resolution Energy Resolution Energy Resolution

Measured at the SPS Measured at the SPS Beam Test in 2004 Beam Test in 2004

LHCf can measure (and provide to LHC) the center of neutral flux from the collisions

If If the center of the the center of the neutral neutral flux flux hits hits LHCf LHCf

  • << 1 mm

<< 1 mm resolution resolution

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Monte Carlo Monte Carlo γ γ ray ray energy energy spectrum spectrum

(5% (5% Energy Energy resolution resolution is is taken taken into into account) account)

10 105

5 events in 3min.

events in 3min. ! ! ( (@ @10 1029

29 cm

cm-

  • 2

2s

s-

  • 1

1 )

)

Shape analysis can discriminate SIBYLL from

  • thers

(χ2 =135/67dof)

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Model dependence of neutron energy distribution

Original n energy 30% 30% energy energy resolution resolution

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

LHCf proposed running scenario

2008 : Phase-I ( During LHC commissioning )

Run since the very beginning of LHC operations

(L<1031cm-2s-1, 43 bunches)

200? : Phase-II (Dedicated run )

Re-install the detector at the next opportunity of

low luminosity run ( Possibly with TOTEM run )

Enlarge covered PT region, more detail study

200? : Phase-III ( possible heavy ion run )

Future extension for p-A, A-A run with upgraded

detectors?

So far Phase-I was approved. The detectors in hand. We are ready for beam on

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Y.Itow, LHCf experiment

TAUP07 14 / 09 / 2007

Summary

Analyses of UHECR air showers essentially rely on

production models at very foward which should be experimentally verified at the energy as high as possible.

LHCf : Dedicated measurements of neutral particles at

0 deg by LHC, providing calibration of interaction models at 1017eV.

Approved parasite measurements by two small

sampling calorimeters at +-140m from IP1 during LHC commissioning in 2008

Just “one day” measurement provides good

discrimination of various models in market.

All the detectors and electronics in hand. Calibration by

SPS beam has been done. Installation in this fall.

We are waiting for the LHC 1st collision !