Understanding the Human Brain Its Generative Capacities, Its - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Understanding the Human Brain

Its Generative Capacities, Its limitations and Sources of Human Error

Ed Chaplin, M.D. FAAN Medical Director 555 Washington St San Diego, CA Presenter Contact Information: Email:echaplin@san.rr.com

Figure 1 Hold the figure 1 at eye level, close your left eye, and stare at the circle in the middle of the grid with your right eye. Slowly move the paper along the line of your vision, until the star vanishes (about ten to fifteen inches in front of you). The star disappears when it is in your blind spot. If we have a blind spot, how is it we do not go around with a hole in our vision? Now open your left eye, close your right eye, and stare at the star. Move the figure until the circle in the middle of the grid Figure 1vanishes. When it does, notice that the lines of the grid remain intact.

Display Data

Item Thoughts Images Sensations in Body Predisposition toward action

Neckers cube

Visual Cortex Occipital Lobe Lateral Geniculate Body Field of vision Optic Nerve Optic Tract Ganglion Cell Layer Rods & Cones Retina

Bottom Up Bottom Up Bottom Up Bottom Up Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n

A Schematic Process For Aw areness A Schematic Process For Aw areness A Schematic Process For Aw areness A Schematic Process For Aw areness

150 msec. (0.15 seconds) 500 msec. (0.5 seconds) > 0.5 secs. 2-3 secs

External Stimulus

• 1. A Change in “as is” State

Associated Memory (Historical selection) Triggers action sequences Primary Emotional Response

• 2. Perceptual Awareness

A 3 Dimensional Spatial Map Object Recognizable patterns

(faces, goblets, disks off center)

Internal feeling - sense of self Movie in the brain Translation of images & schemas into symbols Speculations - Judgement Secondary Emotions

• 3. Conceptual Awareness/

Linguistic coding

• 0. Resting or “as is” State

Figure 4.9

The figure is drawn in linear fashion for simplicity and the timeframes are approximations. It is the relative order and not the actual time that is important.

3 Brained Animal

Human Mammalian Reptilian

AWARENESS AWARENESS AWARENESS AWARENESS

Text

Stimulus

Ameba Lizard Ameba Lizard

Sensory Apparatus Event Away Anticipation Planning/Speculation Event Reflection Inquiry Event Judgement Fantasy Grandiose Catastrophic Blame Guilt

. .

Pleasant Event Not Pleasant

Sensations Narrative Spin

Aw areness

Images Event Images Toward

. More direct experience

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS

More Conceptual

Nature of Now Nature of Now

• Shows up
• In context
• Shaped by history
• Sometimes by design

– always and experiment that will show up with some of 83 problems – Lever for design is context

SELF ORGANIZING & SELF LEARNING SYSTEM SELF ORGANIZING & SELF LEARNING SYSTEM

• 7. Output- Outcome

Double Loop Learning

• 8. External Feedback
• 3. Target (with Measurable Dimensions)
• 1. Stimulus (Perception)
• 2. Interpretation (Priority & Selection)
• 6. Internal Feedback
• 4. Sequences of Action ( Process)
• 5. Individual Actions (Skills)

Single Loop Learning Doing what do better

Accept/ Reject/Modify Accept/ Reject/Modify Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment Data Data

Doing differently

1

X

Sensor 2 3 Awareness 4 Presuppositions REINFORCE 5 5 ABORT

Recognize? Recognize? Feedback Feedback Feed Forw ard Feed Forw ard

Figure 9.1 REINFORCE Keeps you doing the old ABORT Blocks doing the new

STIMULUS

DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN

• Starts with the whole
• Design like change is a journey not an

event

• Few Root problems
• Limited generic intervention

Grounded Grounded Grounded Grounded vs vs vs vs Ungrounded Ungrounded Ungrounded Ungrounded Assessments Assessments Assessments Assessments

.

A grounded assessment includes the following:

A statement about an action in a particular domain An assertion (w itnessable event) about past action in that domain A relation to some community standard (shared interpretation) A recognized speculation about future actions in that domain

A grounded assessment is an interpretation (hypothesis) that is specific (applies to a particular domain of action) with reference to community standards. Additionally, it is substantiated by events (data) that can be witnessed in the world by a community of observers. A grounded assessment embodies the elements of the scientific method. The scientific method is an essential practice of life.

The General- The General- Context Context

Underlying Structure of Social Spaces Underlying Structure of Social Spaces

• Morality – a set of agreed upon distinctions between helpful

and harmful actions (shared map)

• Accountability – managing Promises & Requests

the glue for coordinating actions (shared practices)

• Charity – contributing together creates more good that can

be generated individually (Goal)

• Transcendence – a powerful vision and a view that the

whole is more than the sum of day-to-day

• appearances. (Belief that it makes a

difference)

Aspiration – Vision Deposition tow ard life – Attitude Practice

Customers & Environment

*Customers)

Organization

(Leaders)

Differentiated Processes

(Process managers)

Tasks

(Staff)

Socialized

(Tacit)

Procedural

Action Internalization

(Tacit)

Procedural

Action IMFORMATION FLOW Externalization

(Explicit)

Conceptual

Thought Combination

(Explicit)

Conceptual

Thought Combination

(Explicit)

Conceptual

Thought Repetition

(Performers) T5 Tasks Outcomes T3 Process Measures Tasks Measures T4

TRANSLATION

Demanded Qualities Steps T1

TRANSLATION

5 Step Translation Process

Measurable Dimensions Organizational PMs T2

Divergence Convergence

From Chaplin, E and Akao, Y. Process Improvement: Translate Know- What into Know- How Quality Progress 10:56-61 December 2003

Go to Gemba Where are the Customers? VOCT II Items What are their needs? Verbatim Customer needs

RAPID CYCLE -BLITZ QFD RAPID CYCLE -BLITZ QFD

High value needs DQs DQs What is their structure? What needs were not stated? What DQs are most important? Affinity Diagram Hierarchy Tree Structured needs

DAY 1

Maximum Value Table Items

Needs Tasks

Tasks Tasks Project Task Table How will we meet needs? How will we do it? Critical tasks & measures

2nd DAY

High Risk? FMEA Need more detail? Quality Deployment

Matrix

2-3 Customers

From Chapter 14 Chaplin, E and Terninko, J: Customer Driven Healthcare: QFD for Process Improvement and Cost Reduction Milwaukee, WI ASQ Press 2000 (www.asq.org)

TRANSLATION TRANSLATION TRANSLATION TRANSLATION

Customers & Environment

*Customers)

Organization

(Leaders)

Differentiated Processes

(Process managers)

Tasks

(Staff)

Repetition

(Performers) Quality Function Deployment

• Visits 10-12 customers capture 85% of wants and needs
• Expand 95%

Demanded Quality Performance Function Failure Mode Measure (Actions)

Structure - subject + verb + object + adverb Structure - witnessable metric Structure - noun + verb + object Structure - effect, defect or cause

• subject + verb + adjective + object

(units)

TARGETS - Measurable Characteristic and Time Frame PROCESS ITEMS MISTAKE PROOFING

MAXIMUM VALUE TABLE

THE SPECIFIC THE SPECIFIC THE SPECIFIC THE SPECIFIC

Quality Function Deployment - Visit 10-12

customers capture 85% of their wants and needs - Expand 95% (WHAT -TARGETS)

TRIZ- 95% of what need to know is already

available in another industry or discipline. (HOW)

Barrier to success:

• access to the knowledge - to the know how to
• inertia -historical habits & biases
• contradictions within existing systems
• seeing change as an event
• longing for technology as the magic potion
• failures in capture & translation of knowledge
• trapped in 10,000 constructs, not living in the

actual experience

The General- The General- Context Context

Underlying Structure of Social Spaces Underlying Structure of Social Spaces

• Morality – a set of agreed upon distinctions between helpful

and harmful actions (shared map)

• Accountability – managing Promises & Requests

the glue for coordinating actions (shared practices)

• Charity – contributing together creates more good that can

be generated individually (Goal)

• Transcendence – a powerful vision and a view that the

whole is more than the sum of day-to-day

• appearances. (Belief that it makes a

difference)

Aspiration – Vision Deposition tow ard life – Attitude Practice

SCIENCE SCIENCE

Theory Theory Experience Experience

Life is an evolving hypothesis Life is an evolving hypothesis Our task is to listen to the data Our task is to listen to the data

Millions of years of Intelligence & Wisdom

THERE IS BEAUTY IN SIMPLICITY THERE IS BEAUTY IN SIMPLICITY

X1=X2 + c X2=X1

2+c

X -> Xn

2 + c

Simplicity & 85 th Problem

• 2. Engage in practices to be
• 2. Engage in practices to be

present present

Direct experience Direct experience

Bottom UP Bottom UP Bottom UP Bottom UP Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n Top Dow n

1.

• 1. Inquiry into our nature

Inquiry into our nature

Understanding t Understanding top dow n nature p dow n nature

3.

• 3. A Journey not a Destination

A Journey not a Destination

Scientific Method Scientific Method

References

Chaplin, E and Terninko, J: Customer Driven Healthcare: QFD for Process Improvement and Cost Reduction Milwaukee, WI ASQ Press 2000 (www.asq.org) Chaplin, E and Akao, Y. Process Improvement: Translate Know- What into Know-How Quality Progress 10:56-61 December 2003 Blackmore S Consciousness: An Introduction Oxford University press 2004 Gregory RL: Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing. New York, McGraw- Hill, 1966. Gazzaigna, M 1998 Minds and Brains Press, Cambridge 1999 Nonkaka, I and Takeucho, H, The Knowledge Creating Company Oxford University Pres, NY 1995 Demassio, A The Felling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness Hardcourt Brace & Company New York 1999 Verela, F, Ethical Know-How; Action, Wisdom and Cognition Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1999 (Embodied mind) Eldemen, G, Trononi, G. A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination Basic Books New York 2000 Johnson, M., Moral Imagination, Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993. Libet, B: Neurophysiology of Consciousness Selected Papers and New Essays by Benjamin Libet, Boston MA, Birkhauser, 1993 Varela, F: Ethical Know-How : Action, Wisdom, and Cognition Palo Alto, CA Stanford Video Gorilla Surprising Studies Visual Awareness Daniel Simons www.viscog.com