VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES Dr. Neeraj Dhingra - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES Dr. Neeraj Dhingra - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 30, 2024 479 likes •665 views

VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES Dr. Neeraj Dhingra Additional Director National Vector Borne Disease Control Porgramme (NVBDCP Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Conserving Now, Preserving Future PREVENTION

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SLIDE 1

VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND CLIMATIC CHANGES

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

  • Dr. Neeraj Dhingra

Additional Director National Vector Borne Disease Control Porgramme (NVBDCP Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India

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SLIDE 2

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES IN INDIA

NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASES CONTROL PROGRAMME (NVBDCP)

  • Under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India deals with

following vector borne diseases

  • Malaria
  • Dengue
  • Chikunguniya
  • Japanese Encephilitis
  • Kala- azar
  • Filairiasis
  • Zika Virus

Website: www.ndvbcp.gov.in MOH website: www.mohfw.gov.in

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SLIDE 3

MALARIA IN INDIA

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000

Malaria in India

PV Pf Pv% Pf% ABER API SPR SfR

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SLIDE 4

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL MALARIA & Pf. CASES

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

RAJASTHAN ORISSA GUJARAT MAHARASHTRA MADHYA PRADESH BIHAR KARNATAKA UTTAR PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR ASSAM TAMIL NADU TELANGANA CHHATTISGARH ANDHRA PRADESH PUNJAB JHARKHAND WEST BENGAL ARUNACHAL PR. HARYANA KERALA UTTARAKHAND HIMACHAL PRADESH MANIPUR MIZORAM MEGHALAYA NAGALAND TRIPURA SIKKIM GOA A&N ISLANDS D&N HAVELI PONDICHERRY LAKSHADWEEP

N E W S

API - 2016

<1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10 & Above

RAJASTHAN ORISSA GUJARAT MAHARASHTRA MADHYA PRADESH BIHAR KARNATAKA UTTAR PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR ASSAM TAMIL NADU TELANGANA CHHATTISGARH ANDHRA PRADESH PUNJAB JHARKHAND WEST BENGAL ARUNACHAL PR. HARYANA KERALA UTTARAKHAND HIMACHAL PRADESH MANIPUR MIZORAM MEGHALAYA NAGALAND TRIPURA SIKKIM GOA A&N ISLANDS D&N HAVELI PONDICHERRY LAKSHADWEEP

N E W S

SFR - 2016

<1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10 & Above

  • Northern States and southern states– nearly on elimination phase
  • Malaria mostly concentrated in eastern & NE parts of India
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SLIDE 5

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

DENGUE IN INDIA (2010-2017)

28292 18860 50222 75808 40571 99913 129166 29150 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 130000 140000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Case Fatality Ratio Cases

Cases

  • CFR brought down from 3.3%

(1996) to 0.2% in 2016

  • States reporting most number of

Dengue cases in 2017 : Kerala – 14606, Tamil Nadu – 5968, Karnataka – 4643, Andhra Pradesh – 798 Gujarat – 734, Maharashtra- 718, West Bengal - 571

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SLIDE 6

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

DENGUE IN INDIA (SEASONAL TREND)

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

  • No. of Cases

2014 2015 2016 2017

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SLIDE 7

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

CHIKUNGUNYA IN INDIA

16049 27553 64057 18805

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

2014 2015 2016 2017

  • No. of cases
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SLIDE 8

CLIMATIC CHANGES AND VECTOR BORNE DISEASE TRANSMISSION

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

VBD transmission is dependent upon Sufficient numbers of Anopheline, Culex or Aedes mosquitoes Large enough reservoir of pool of infection in humans and animals Mosquitoes proliferation strongly influenced by: Temperature Rainfall Humidity

Wind Sunlight

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SLIDE 9

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

CLIMATIC CHANGES WHICH IMPACT VBD

  • Increase in temperature
  • Increase in humidity
  • Flooding

– INCREASED MOSQUITOGENIC POTENTIAL

  • INFECTON RESERVOIR PRESENT
  • FREQUENT OUTBREAKS (Malaria,

Dengue, chikunguniya

RAJASTHAN ORISSA GUJARAT MAHARASHTRA MADHYA PRADESH BIHAR KARNATAKA UTTAR PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR ASSAM TAMIL NADU TELANGANA CHHATTISGARH ANDHRA PRADESH PUNJAB JHARKHAND WEST BENGAL ARUNACHAL PR. HARYANA KERALA UTTARAKHAND HIMACHAL PRADESH MANIPUR MIZORAM MEGHALAYA NAGALAND TRIPURA SIKKIM GOA A&N ISLANDS D&N HAVELI PONDICHERRY LAKSHADWEEP

N E W S

API - 2016

<1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10 & Above

Targeted for Malaria Elimination by 2027 GAINS MADE TILL NOW MAY BE REVESRED

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SLIDE 10

CLIMATIC CHANGES IN INDIA

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

  • Melting glaciers-

Flooding in rivers, valleys followed by diminished flow and droughts

  • General warming in mean annual temperature with decreased range of diurnal

temperature variation Warming of 0.50C by 2030 Maximum increase in northern areas of India

  • Increased precipitation- including monsoons

Fewer rainy days but more days of extreme rainfall events

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SLIDE 11

IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON VBD IN INDIA

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

  • Increased number of months of high humidity, precipitation and increased temperature and pooling
  • f water would lead to:
  • Seasonality of VBD may change - Early onset of diseases or maybe through out the year
  • Disease burden may change - Likely higher transmission rates for VBD – severe forms of disease

would increase – more Pf malaria

  • Typical preventive measures like LLIN may not work- people may not sleep under them
  • Health services capacities to deal with this increase
  • Quicker onset of drug and insecticide resistance
  • Socioeconomic impact
  • Health inequity – poorer more affected
  • Longer duration of hospitalization – out of pocket expenses would increase
  • Impact on tourism
  • Refugees- move towards larger inhabitations – urbanization – poor infrastructure- more Culex

mosquitoes– Lymphatic filiarisis

  • Deforestation, etc
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SLIDE 12

MITIGATING EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON VBD

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

1. Adaptability to adjust to climatic changes

– No prediction models available- research needeD – Longitudinal Studies – changes in VBD based on climatic studies- multi-disciplinary studies – Response mechanisms weaker in less endemic areas as of now – Shifting of human infrastructure based on endemicity – Adding newer skilled staff on environment management in the health programmes – Capacity building and sensitization – Increased resources – budget and manpower

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MITIGATING EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON VBD

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

  • 2. Monitoring of climatic changes in co-relation to VBD

– Mapping the present landscape in terms water collections, rivers,lakes,etc – Information exchange on climatic changes – rainfall, humidity, floods, glacier melting, etc. with health programmes especially VBD – GIS/spatial maps with climatic changes/water pooling at local levels – Monitoring the VBD incidence in northern areas of India– track of any slight increase- involve all facilities government, private, NGOs, etc. – Mapping/Monitoring the mobility- intrastate, interstate, etc.

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SLIDE 14

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

By 2030s - Few foci in Himalayan region are likely to open; intensity of transmission more in NE states; reduction in east-coast projected

Transmission Windows of malaria based on T & RH (A1B Scenario, by 2030)

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SLIDE 15

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

Transmission Windows of dengue (A1B Scenario)

TW criteria: 20-320 C Inconclusive, no matching with current distribution

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SLIDE 16

MITIGATING EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON VBD

Conserving Now, Preserving Future

  • 3. Changes in the approaches to VBD

– Highly skilled manpower in the NVBDCP – capacity to predict changes in climate and VBD – Enhancement of staff at State/regional/district levels – Very strong and institutional mechanisms of inter-sectoral coordination – Newer researches on diagnostics, drug and insecticides and better methods to detect resistance – Sensitization and capacity building of northern states – Highly flexible structure – decision making and resource allocation may change from year to year

  • r with an year as well
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SLIDE 17

MALARIA KEEPS COMING BACK – BE PREPARED