[PPT] - January, 2014 Duplin County, 2013 Photo credit: Dan Kornegay, 2013 PowerPoint Presentation

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Cotton Production

Joint Commodity Conference

January, 2014

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Duplin County, 2013

Photo credit: Dan Kornegay, 2013

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Central Crops Research Station, 2013

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NC Cotton Yields

646 900 852 713 767 847 990 951 616 1014 830 856 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10- 2013 lb/acre year avg.

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2010 Palmer amaranth survey

Glyphosate-resistant, thifensulfuron-susceptible 3% Glyphosate-susceptible, thifensulfuron-resistant 2% Glyphosate- and thifensulfuron-resistant 95% Glufosinate-resistant 0% Fomesafen-resistant 0%

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Start clean.
Aggressive Preplant and PRE residual program.
First POST 14 days after planting; add Dual Magnum or

Warrant or Staple (if not ALS-resistant).

Second POST 14-18 days later; maybe add another

residual.

Residual layby 14-21 days after second POST.
Goal is to have overlapping residuals.
Expensive, but effective

Palmer Amaranth Control in GL, LL, RRF, or WRF Cotton

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Win the Battle, Lose the War?

Continued reliance on limited

number of MOA’s could be problematic.

Especially concerned with PPO

inhibitors (Reflex, Valor, others) and glufosinate (Liberty).

Selection for PPO- or glufosinate-

resistant biotypes would be devastating.

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Will Palmer amaranth become resistant to PPO inhibitors?

Mechanism of PPO resistance in waterhemp is a target site amino

acid deletion (Patzoldt et al., PNAS, 2006). Loss of a glycine, leading to altered binding domain of enzyme (Dyan et al., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2010). 100-fold reduction in sensitivity to PPO inhibitors.

Waterhemp has a trinucleotide repeat at position 210 of PPX2

gene …TGTGGTGGA… …TGTGGTGGA…

Loss of either repeat leads to loss of a glycine codon (GGT).
Palmer amaranth has same repeat motif as waterhemp.

Riggins and Tranel (Int. J. Agron., 2012) predict that we will select for PPO resistance in Palmer amaranth

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99 97

20 40 60 80 100 Loc 1 Loc 2 Loc 3 Loc 4 Loc 5 Loc 6 Avg % control

Palmer amaranth control with Valor/Direx vs Valor/Reflex in no-till cotton. 2010-2012.*

Valor fb Reflex Valor fb Direx

* Data recorded before first POST application. Charlie Cahoon’s data.

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Proper Use of Liberty

Always use residual preplant and/or

preemergence herbicides to reduce selection pressure on Liberty

WITH PRE W/O PRE

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Proper Use of Liberty

Always use residual preplant and/or

preemergence herbicides

Only two Liberty applications per year
Timely Liberty application; full rate; good

coverage; include a residual

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New Uses for Old MOA’s

Brake F2, Section 18’s for 2014

Expected in GA, SC, TN Maybe NC?

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Brake F2

Premix of fluridone and fomesafen
Fluridone inhibits carotenoid

biosynthesis at PDS; same MOA as Zorial (Group 12)

No more effective than current

herbicides, but offers another MOA to aid in resistance management

Good Palmer amaranth control
Excellent cotton tolerance
Potential carryover
Expected to be expensive

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New Uses for Old MOA’s

Enlist cotton (resistant to

2,4-D, glufosinate, glyphosate)

Xtend cotton (resistant to

dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate) Enlist cotton is NOT tolerant of dicamba Xtend cotton is NOT tolerant of 2,4-D

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NC, 2012

Glufosinate Glufosinate + Cpd X Cpd X Non-transformed Technology Y Non-transformed

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NC., 2013

Glyphosate-only Residual PRE Glufosinate + residual +Cpd X POST-1 Glufosinate + Cpd X POST-2

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How well we manage off-target drift will determine the success of Enlist and Extend technologies

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Large-Plot Cotton Variety/Technology Trials

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Methods

Large plots (avg. 1/4 acre), replicated
Planted with cooperators’ equipment
Cooperators applied preplant, PRE, and layby

herbicides

NCSU applied Roundup or Liberty POST
Plots were weed-free
Cooperators managed PGR and defoliation
Picked with cooperator’s equipment

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Large-Plot Cotton Variety/Technology Trials Performance Data on the Poster

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Liberty 29 oz/A Liberty 43 oz/A

WideStrike Injury from Ignite

Liberty on WideStrike Cotton: Are we hurting ourselves?

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PHY WRF Response to Liberty

Avg. 16 Weed Control Trials - 2007-2012

2252 2468

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Seed cotton yield (lb/A)

Roundup-based Liberty-based programs programs

+10%

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PHY WRF Response to Liberty

Avg. 10 Weed-Free Trials - 2007-2011*

2352 2347

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Seed cotton yield (lb/A)

Roundup-based Liberty-based programs programs

* All trials with PHY 375WRF or PHY 485WRF.

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Variety/Technology Trials - 2013

Roundup program* Liberty program** Varieties Year Varieties Year DP 1028 B2RRF 2013 FM 1944 GLB2 2013 DP 1137 B2RRF 2013 ST 4747 GLB2 2013 DP 1321 B2RRF 2013 ST 4946 GLB2 2013 PHY 339 WRF 2013 ST 6448 GLB2 2013 PHY 367 WRF 2013 PHY 499 WRF 2013 PHY 375 WRF 2013 PHY 499 WRF 2013 ST 4946 GLB2 2013

*32 oz PowerMax applied twice. **32 oz Liberty applied twice.

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Effect of herbicide program on lint yield of PHY 499 WRF Variety/Technology Trial - 2012 POST Herbicide Program % Difference Location Roundup* Liberty** with Liberty Conway 1656 1493

9.8

Patetown 1550 1556 Albertson 1219 1022

16.2

Jackson Springs 1850 1767

4.5

Average 1569 1460

6.9

* 32 oz PowerMax + Warrant followed by 22 oz PowerMax. ** 43 oz Liberty + Warrant followed by 29 oz Liberty + Warrant. NCSU recommends 29 to 32 oz Liberty twice on WRF cotton, and cautions against mixing Dual or Warrant with Liberty on WRF cotton.

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Effect of herbicide program on lint yield of PHY 499 WRF Variety/Technology Trial - 2013 POST Herbicide Program % Difference Location Roundup* Liberty** with Liberty Lewiston 1748 1563

10.6

Rocky Mount 1214 1129

7.0

Jackson Springs 875 797

5.9

Average 1279 1163

9.1

* 32 oz PowerMax applied twice. 32 oz Liberty applied twice.

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Roundup on PHY 499 Liberty on PHY 499

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Dominic Reisig Vernon James Center Plymouth, NC “the new Jack Bacheler”

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Treatments: “One and Done System”

(Todd Spivey’s research)

Check
Avicta Complete
Thiamethoxam (seed

treatment)

Avicta Complete +

Admire Pro

Thiamethoxam (seed

treatment)

Imidacloprid (in-furrow)

9oz/A

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Immature thrips, 2013

50 100 150 200

4 WAP 3 WAP 2 WAP Immature Thrips per 5 Plants

Check Avicta Complete Avicta Complete + Admire Pro (9oz/A)

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2013 31 days after planting

Untreated Avicta + Admire Pro Avicta

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July 25, 2013

Avicta Complete + Admire Pro (9 oz in- furrow) Avicta Complete Untreated

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October 31, 2013

Untreated Avicta + Admire Pro Avicta

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Lint Yield 2013

1300 975 700 500 1000 1500

Check Avicta Complete + Admire Pro (9 oz) Avicta Complete

lb/A

Admire Pro alone is inadequate; must be used with seed treatment

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In-furrow Setup

In-furrow spray

– Flat fan nozzles parallel with the furrow, have not been successful in

ur evaluations.
6 inches above furrow

– Nozzles too close to furrow have a tendency to clog or drag.

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Thrips Resistance Management

Thiamethoxam (Acceleron N, Avicta, Cruiser) resistance

in tobacco thrips confirmed in Mid-South; not yet in Southeast

Compared to seed treatment + acephate foliar spray,

seed treatment + Admire Pro in-furow spray could enhance selection for resistance; fewer MOA’s ₋ Seed tmt + acephate = two MOA’s (neonic. + OP) ₋ Seed tmt + Admire = one MOA (neonic. + neonic.)

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2014 will look like this

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2013 Large-Plot Variety/Technology Trials Rocky Mount and Lewiston averaged

Herbi- Lint Herbi- Lint Variety Trait cide (lb/A) Variety Trait cide (lb/A) ST 4946 GLB2 Rup 1560* DP 1321 B2RRF Rup 1464 PHY 375 WRF Rup 1556** FM 1944 GLB2 Lib 1448 PHY 499 WRF Rup 1519** PHY 367 WRF Rup 1438 ST 4946 GLB2 Lib 1474** ST 6448 GLB2 Lib 1351 ST 4747 GLB2 Lib 1468** DP 1028 B2RRF Rup 1278 PHY 339 WRF Rup 1467** DP 1137 B2RRF Rup 1236

* Highest yielder. ** Not different from highest yielder, P < 0.05. LSD 0.05 = 95. CV = 6.17%.

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2013 Large-Plot Variety/Technology Trials Jackson Springs

Herb- Lint Herb- Lint Variety Trait icide (lb/A) Variety Trait icide (lb/A) DP 1137 B2RRF Rup 995* ST 4946 GLB2 Lib 828 DP 1321 B2RRF Rup 947** ST 4946 GLB2 Rup 815 PHY 375 WRF Rup 920** FM 1944 GLB2 Lib 762 DP 1028 B2RRF Rup 885** ST 6448 GLB2 Lib 752 PHY 499 WRF Rup 875** PHY 367 WRF Rup 875** PHY 339 WRF Rup 873** ST 4747 GLB2 LIB 866**

* Highest yielder. ** Not different from highest yielder, P < 0.05. LSD 0.05 = 131. CV = 10.66%.

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2013 Large-Plot Variety by Technology Trial

Variety Lewiston Rocky Mt. Jackson Sp. Average

---------------------------- lint yield (lb/acre) -----------------------------

PHY 375 WRF 1760* 1290** 920** 1320* PHY 499 WRF 1750** 1210 880** 1290** DP 1321 B2RRF 1670** 1190 950** 1280** PHY 339 WRF 1690** 1170 870 1250** ST 4747 GLB2 1600 1290** 870 1250** ST 4946 GLB2 1600 1310* 830 1240** PHY 367 WRF 1680** 1120 880** 1230 FM 1944 GLB2 1590 1260** 760 1200 DP 1137 B2RRF 1400 1020 1000* 1150 DP 1028 B2RRF 1460 1040 890** 1130 ST 6448 GLB2 1570 1050 750 1130

. a DP and PHY varieties treated with 32 oz Roundup PowerMax applied twice; FM and ST varieties received 32 oz Liberty applied twice to 2- to 3-leaf cotton and repeated on 5- to 6-leaf cotton.

* Highest yielder.

** Not different from highest yielder at p < 0.05.

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