Navigating ! the ! Real ! ? ! The ! Map ! as ! Model ! and ! Metaphor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Navigating !the !Real !? !

The !Map !as !Model !and !Metaphor ! Phil !Cohen ! Living !Maps ! !

The !word !is !not !the !thing !

Leaving !a !bitter !taste !

Cartography’s !Other !Scene !

Territoriality !is !how !we !construct !an !embodied !space !in !which !to ! !feel ! powerful !and !at !home. !Our !first !territory !is !the !mother’s !body !, !our !map !

• f !it !is !how !we !hold !the !mothers !body !unconsciously !in !mind ! !Michael !

Balint !Thrills !and !Regression ! !

!Rene ! !Magritte ! ! ! !Euclidean !Walks !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Euclidean !space !is !neither !true !or !false !, !but !it !does !underwrite !the !claim !to !verisimiltude ! !that ! !many !cartographers ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !have !claimed !for !their !maps. !In !this !painting !of !a !painting !of !a !painting ! !Magritte !renders !the !relation !between !the ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !picture !and !what !it !represents, ! !problematic !precisely !through !their !almost !seemless !conjoining ! !in !which !one ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !conceals !or !substitutes !itself !for !the !other !. ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Territory !as !trompe !l’oeuil !

In !the !gap !between !map !and !territoryanother !kind !of !urban !fabrication ! becomes !possible. !This !could !be !subtitled !‘ !Under !the !street, !the ! !river’ ! !or !how ! to !imagine !what !life !will !be !like !if !you !happen !to !live !on !a !flood !plain. !

The !art !of !navigation !according !to !Lewis !Carroll !

• Lewis !Carroll ! !is !clearly !a !landlubber !– !someone !who !looks !at !a !stretch !of !water !and ! !only !sees !a ! ! !vast !expanse !of !
• nothingness. !For !the !seafarer, !in !contrast, !the !sea !is !full !of !topographical !features, !some !fixed !like !buoys !, !or !

landmarks !, !some !treacherously !shifting !like !sand !banks, !and !all !governed !by !tides !, !which !may !be !charted !with ! some !precision !and !weather !which !despite !all !the !sophisticated !technology !of ! !forecasting ! !remains ! unpredictable !and !has !to !be !observed !‘in !situ’. ! ! ! !

He !had !brought !a !large !map ! Representing !the !sea, ! Without !the !least !vestige !of ! land: ! And !the !crew !were !much ! pleased ! When !they !found !it !to !be ! A !map !they !could !all ! understand !

The !art !of !navigation !part !2 !

A !study !of ! !fishermen !from !the !Orkneys !found !that ! !they !had !transformed !the !offshore !waters !into !personal !memoryscapes, !and ! that !they !located !suitable !fishing !grounds, !not !by !using !their !fishfinders !or !other !technical !instruments, !but !by !association !with ! particular !tidings, ! !stories !which !featured !events !associated !with !big !catches. ! ! ! ! !

Geo ! Demo ! Ethno ! Carto !

Theoretical ! !Maps: !untying !the !Borromean !Knot ! !of !graphologies !

Mental !Map !as !a !political,cultural !and !linguistic !boundary ! forming !a !fault !line !in !the !information !al !field !

A ! !Diversity !of !Mappings ! !

Stanley !Spencer ! !The !Map !Reader ! Operational !mapping !as !a !story !

Ordinance !Survey: !the !lie !of !the !land ! ! !

Putting !the !labour ! !back !into !the !landscape ! !

Cadastral !Map !, !or !the !landscape !emplotted !by ! !property !law !

18th !century !strip !map ! !produced !at !a ! !time !when ! !only !the !well !off !could ! afford !the !time ! !and !money !to ! !travel !far !afield ! !and !when !roads ! !were !still ! frequented !by ! ! !highway !men, !the ! !conditions ! ! !unpredictable, !and !the !road ! was !becoming !a !powerful !metaphor !for ! ! !life’ !as !an !adventurous !journey. !

Strip !map !by !John !Wallett !

Envisaging !the !nation !

Yanko !Tsvetkov ! ! !Atlas !of !Prejudice !: !How !Britain !sees !Europe !in !2010 !

CARTOGRAMS !

Cartograms !have !a !long !history, !with !examples !from !the !mid-1800s.. !They !were !first !used !to ! !illustrate !the !relative !sizes !of !the populations in ! each !country ! by !scaling !the !area !of !each !country !in !proportion !to !its !population; !Today !the !shift !from !topographic !to ! !topological !methods ! ! enables ! !thematic !mapping !to !plot ! !the !distribution !of !geo-spatial !variables !quite ! !independently !of !the !shape !of !the !land !mass. ! !Thematic ! scope !no !longer !has !to !correspond !to !physical !scale. !

Isoline !weather !map !

You !don’t !need !to !be !a !weatherman !

To !know !which !way !the !wind !of ! change !is !blowing !

Dreamings ! !are !both !operational !and !cosmological !mappings !of !the ! environment ! !– !they !chart !trajectories !of !movement !across ! ! decompressed !space !and !time !and !actively !re-create !a ! !mytho-poetic !

• landscape. !In !this !way !they !are !able !to !represent !territory !in !a !way !that !

the !most !advanced !cartographic !techniques !are !only !just ! !beginning !to ! learn !how !to !do. ! !

Chinese !Scroll !Map !

These !maps !work !rather !like !a ! !film !tracking !shot. !They !do !not ! !depict !journeys !, !like !strip !maps, ! ! they !are !not !panoramas !or !prospects, !but !they !do !offer !a !way !of !comprehending ! ! !the !landscape ! as !a !significant !whole ! !

CENTRES !AND !PERIPHERIES ! !

The !devices !of !power !and !exploration !

The !heraldic !map !of !Empire !

Chicago !School:Ecological ! !model !of !zoning !

Another ! !Counter !Mapping !

The !Pole !of !Inaccessibility !or !Lenin !in !the !Antarctic ! (looking !towards ! !Moscow) !

A !SHORT !UNDERGROUND !HISTORY !

When !the !map !floats !free ! !

Harry !Beck’s !Map !

Anagram !Map !

Plan !views !

Diagnostic !and !panoptic !grids ! ! !

The !Planners !Dream !

The !grid !of !retro- !modernism !

Charles !Booth !Poverty !map !of !East !London !

The ! !Abercrombie !Plan !: ! An !assemblage !of !post !war !Island !stories !

Digitalising !the !State !: ! Post !code !mapping !hits !East !London ! !

Forensic !or !Rhetoric? !

Remezov’s ! !ethnic !map !of ! !Siberia !(detail) !

In !Remezov’s !ethnographic !map !of !Siberia ! !Eurasia ! !is !shown !as !a !crazy !quilt !of !brightly ! coloured ! !dramatically !shaped !patches ! !showing !the !great !diversity !of !peoples. !There !is !no ! attempt !to !erase !difference ! !but !to !emphasise !the !spatial !divisions ! !between !ethnic !groups ! with !heavy !lines. !The !implication !was ! !that ! !the !ethnic !communities !of !Siberia !were !supposed ! to !remain !contained !within !these !boundaries ! !and !not !to !cross !them ! !which !might !trigger ! ! tribal !warfare. !In !fact !the !majority !of !these !people ! !were !at !this !time !(17th !century) ! !semi ! nomadic ! !and !the !alliances !and !confederations ! !between !them !were !continually !shifting. !This ! map !represents !how !spatial !politics !of !the !steppes !were !imagined ! !from !Moscow. !Muscovites !

• verplayed !the !link !between !peoples !and !places ! !cartographically !enclosing !each !group !in !a !

specific !fixed !locality !from !which !position !it !was !to !accept !its !subjugation !to !the !Tsar. The !more !unstable !the !territory, !the !more !fluid !and !permeable !its !boundaries, !the !mor ! emphatically !they !are !depicted !on !the !map. ! !

Victor !Pasmore !: !abstract !impressionism ! ! !

Pasmore’s !plan !view !for !Peterlee !

Peterlee:birds !eye !view !

Peterlee ! !1962 !

Peterlee !1968: !the !territory !fights !back !

From !networks !to !flows !

Where !art !meets !science !in ! governance ! !

Koenigsburg !and !the !origins !of !topology !

The Seven !Bridges !of !Königsberg is !a !notable !problem !in !mathematics ! and !its ! !negative !resolution !by !Leonard !Euler ! in !1735 !laid !the ! foundations !of !graph !theory ! and !prefigured !the ! !modern !idea !

• f topology. !

Konigsberg ! !had !a !peculiar !topography. !It !was !set !on !both !sides !of !a ! river, !and !included !two !large !islands !which !were !connected !to !each !

• ther !and !the !mainland !by !seven !bridges. !The !problem ! !set !by !Euler !

was !to !find !a !walk !through !the !city !that !would !cross !each !bridge !once ! and !only !once. !The !islands !could !not !be !reached !by !any !route !other ! than !the !bridges, !and !every !bridge ! !had !to !be !crossed !completely !every ! time; !one !could !not !walk !halfway !onto !the !bridge !and !then !turn ! around !and !later !cross !the !other !half !from !the !other !side. !The !walk ! need !not !start !and !end !at !the !same !spot. ! ! The !good !citizens !of !Koenigsberg ! !tackled !the !problem ! !with !customary ! Prussian !thoroughness !and ! !took !their !Sunday !constitutional !walks ! across !the !bridges, !but !despite !all !their !efforts !they !could !not !find !a !

• solution. ! !They !proved !that !the !problem !had no solution !in !strictly !

territorial !terms !. !There !could !be !no !non-retracing !the !bridges. !Euler’s ! problem !was ! !to !develop !a !model,a ! !theoretical !map !to ! !establish !this ! ! fact !with !mathematical !rigor. ! For !this !purpose ! !the !only !important !feature !of !a !route !was !the ! sequence !of !bridges !crossed. !This !allowed !him !to !reformulate !the ! problem !in !abstract !terms, !eliminating !all !features !except !the !list !of ! land !masses !and !the !bridges !connecting !them. !Each !land !mass !was ! replaced !with !an !abstract !node, !and !each !bridge !with !an !abstract ! connection !or !edge. ! !

!Under !the !Third !Reich, !the !work !of !Euler !, !who !happened !to ! be !a !Jew, !was !banned. !Topology, !it !seemed !was !a !Jewish !

• science. !The !actual !topography !of !the !city !was !destroyed !

during ! !WW2 ! !by !a !combination !of !RAF !bombing !and !the ! final !assault !by !the !Red !Army. !Many !of !the !bridges ! !were ! damaged, !several !destroyed. !The !Soviet !regime !rebuilt !the ! bridges, !but ! !the !intricate ! !mediaeval !street !layout !was ! replaced !by !an ! ! !urban !planning !grid. !The !city !centre !was ! ! dominated !by !a !monumental !House !of !the !Soviets !from ! which !boulevards !radiated !out. ! !This !new !Stalinist ! topography ! !actually !reproduced !the !very !Prussian !state ! culture ! ! !it !was !designed !to !erase !, !while !the !fact !that ! topology !was !founded !on !the !mapping !of !an !unsolvable ! problem !was !denounced !as !an !example !of !petit !bourgeois ! defeatism !, !in !contradiction !with !Marx’s !assertion !that ! human !beings !only ! !create !problems ! ! !they !are !capable ! !of !

• solving. ! !

Christaller’s !polycentric !or !decentred !model !of !urban !growth ! !- ! challenging !central !place !theory. ! l !

Mapping !Communication !Flows !1 !

Diagram !of !an !actor-network !

Flight !Paths !across !the !UK !in !daylight !

Derek !Harris !

Cy ! !Twombly ! !

Chris !Kenny ! !Fetish !Map !of !London !

Jackson !Pollock !

Julie ! !Mehretu ! !Fractal !Map !

Every !map !tells !a !story... !

Swallows !and !Amazons !

Pilgrims !Progress !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Schuiten !and !Peeters ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !The !Invisible !Frontier ! !

The !embodied !landscape !

Franco !Moretti !: !The !village !neighbourhood ! ! !

The !impact !of !enclosure ! !

Moretti !graphs !the !novel !

Treasure !island: !the !map !as !protagonist !

The !fictional !East !20 ! !

The !board !map !as !an !aide !memoire !

Without !an !authorised !map !navigation !proceeds !from !memory, !to !move !forward !one ! must !look !backwards !. !The !capacity !to !map !the !memoryscape !becomes !especially ! important !when !there !is !a !social !or !cultural !disjuncture !between ! !past !and !present, ! there !and !here, ! !as !in !this !case !between !Jaswinder’s !childhood !in !Bangladesh !and ! adolescence !in !East !London. ! !

Counter-mapping !or !the !territory ! strikes !back !

Lines !of !Desire !: !The !Situationist !Derive !

Common !Ground? !

Millenium !Project !:West !Sussex !Parish !Map ! !

William !Bunge !:Detroit !Geographical !Expedition ! !

Rebecca !Solnit !et !al !:The !Infinite !City !

The !Institute !of !the ! ! !Infinitely !Small !