Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 08, 2023 320 likes •572 views

Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian Schindelhauer Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Web & Dates Web page - http://cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/cone_teach/

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SLIDE 1

Peer-to-Peer Networks

01: Organization and Introduction

Christian Schindelhauer

Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg

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SLIDE 2

Web & Dates

  • Web page
  • http://cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/cone_teach/

cone_teach_current/p2p-WS12

  • Lecture
  • Monday, 10am-12pm, 106-00-007
  • Wednesday, 10am-11am, 106-00-007
  • Exercise classes
  • Christian Ortolf
  • Wednesday, 11am-12pm, building 101, 106-00-007

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SLIDE 3

Exercises

  • Exercise class
  • Wednesday, 11am-12pm, building 101, 106-00-007
  • start: 31.11.2012
  • Exercises
  • appear every Wednesay on the web-page
  • should be solved by students
  • are the basis for the oral exam
  • solutions of the exercises are discussed in the following

week

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SLIDE 4

Exam

  • Oral exam
  • based on the lecture and the exercises
  • register online for the exam
  • Mandatory registration

4

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SLIDE 5

Materials

  • Slides
  • appear before the lecture on the web-

page

  • Book
  • at least 70% of the lecture can be

found in Mahlmann, Schindelhauer, Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerke — Methoden und Algorithmen, Springer 2007

  • Further Literature
  • Research papers will be presented

during the lecture on the slides and

  • n the web-page

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SLIDE 6

Internet Traffic

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SLIDE 7

7

Increase of Internet Traffic

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 2015 1 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s 1 Tbit/s

10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 10 Gbit/s 100 Gbit/s 10 Tbit/s 100 Tbit/s

1 Pbit/s

Cisco: 966 Exabyte/y 2015

2020

10 Pbit/s 100 Pbit/s

1 Ebit/s

Internet-Verkehr

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SLIDE 8

Global Internet Traffic Shares 1993-2004

Source: CacheLogic 2005

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E-Mail FTP Peer-to-Peer Web

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

CacheLogic Research

Trends of Internet Protocols 1993-2004 Share of Internet traffic

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

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SLIDE 9

P2P and Filesharing Traffic

Source: Ipoque 2007

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Source: Ipoque 2007

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SLIDE 10

P2P Systems Germany 2007 by Volume

Source: Ipoque 2007

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SLIDE 11

What Germans Download 2007 by Volume

Source: Ipoque 2007

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SLIDE 12

Global Internet Traffic 2007

  • Ellacoya report

(June 2007)

  • worldwide

HTTP traffic volume

  • vertakes P2P

after four years continues record

  • Main reason:

Youtube.com

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rest 2 % VoIP 1 % Newsgroups 9 % non-HTTP video streaming 3 % gaming 2 % P2P 37 % HTTP 46 %

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SLIDE 13

Internet Traffic 2010

Cisco Visual Networking Index Usage contains data of 20 anonymous service providers Traffic Study

Traffic [Percentage] 10 20 30 40 50 HTTP Online Video P2P File Sharing Web−Based FS Rest 26.39 26.15 24.85 18.69 3.92

Filesharing 43.54

[”Cisco Visual Networking Index: Usage”, White Paper, 2010]

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SLIDE 14

HTTP 44.4 % BitTorrent 24.1 % NNTP 14.2 % SHOUTcast 6.4 % RTMP 5 % eDonkey 4 % RTSP 1.2 % Skype 0.8 %

HTTP 14.6 % BitTorrent 64.3 % NNTP 0.7 % SHOUTcast 0.7 % RTMP 0.4 % eDonkey 16.3 % RTSP 0.1 % Skype 3 %

Internet Traffic of a German ISP August 2009

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Download Upload

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 15

Internet Traffic of a German ISP August 2009

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HTTP most traffic BitTorrent most upload Top ten services of the average user

Mean Host Traffic [kb/s]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

HTTP in HTTP out BitTorrent in BitTorrent out NNTP in NNTP out eDonkey in eDonkey out SSL in SSL out SHOUTcast in SHOUTcast out RTMP in RTMP out FTP transfer in FTP transfer out Microsoft BITS in Microsoft BITS out Gnutella in Gnutella out Rest in Rest out

3.25 0.12 0.68 0.52 0.34 0.01 0.210.24 0.21 0.03 0.140.02 0.11 0 0.060.01 0.05 0 0.04 0 0.39 0.21

!""#$ %&'$ ()*"+,,-.*$ /&'$ 0-1*$ 23'$ !""#$ %%&$ '()"*++,-)$ ./&$ 0,1)$ ..&$

Download Upload 5x 4x

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 16

BitTorrent User Behavior of a German ISP August 2009

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Online period length probability

  • ● ● ● ● ● ●
  • 1

2 5 10 20 50 100 5e−05 1e−03 5e−02

  • nline period [hours][log]

probability [log] 16 24 probability for online period length [in hours] approximated function cases of piecewise definition

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 17

BitTorrent User Behavior of a German ISP August 2009

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Fourier analysis shows 12h and 24h peak 24h periodicity roughly resembles sin curve Fourier analysis of traffic & periodicty

50 100 150 200 250 300 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 energy [MB/hour] period [hours] Incoming Traffic Outgoing Traffic

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 traffic [kb/s] half−daytime [hours] incoming traffic

  • utgoing traffic

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 24 48 72 96 120 144 traffic [kb/s] day incoming traffic incoming traffic (daily mean)

  • utgoing traffic
  • utgoing traffic (daily mean)

Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 traffic [kb/s] daytime [hours] incoming traffic

  • utgoing traffic

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 18

Milestones P2P Systems

  • Napster (1st version: 1999-2000)
  • Gnutella (2000), Gnutella-2 (2002)
  • Edonkey (2000)
  • later: Overnet usese Kademlia
  • FreeNet (2000)
  • Anonymized download
  • JXTA (2001)
  • Open source P2P network platform
  • FastTrack (2001)
  • known from KaZaa, Morpheus, Grokster
  • Bittorrent (2001)
  • only download, no search
  • Skype (2003)
  • VoIP (voice over IP), Chat, Video

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SLIDE 19

Milestones Theory

  • Distributed Hash-Tables (DHT) (1997)
  • introduced for load balancing between web-servers
  • CAN (2001)
  • efficient distributed DHT data structure for P2P networks
  • Chord (2001)
  • efficient distributed P2P network with logarithmic search time
  • Pastry/Tapestry (2001)
  • efficient distributed P2P network using Plaxton routing
  • Kademlia (2002)
  • P2P-Lookup based on XOr-Metrik
  • Many more exciting approaches
  • Viceroy, Distance-Halving, Koorde, Skip-Net, P-Grid, ...
  • Recent developments
  • Network Coding for P2P
  • Game theory in P2P
  • Anonymity, Security

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What is a P2P Network?

  • What is P2P NOT?
  • a peer-to-peer network is not a client-server network
  • Etymology: peer
  • from latin par = equal
  • one that is of equal standing with another
  • P2P, Peer-to-Peer: a relationship between equal partners
  • Definition
  • a Peer-to-Peer Network is a communication network between

computers in the Internet

  • without central control
  • and without reliable partners
  • Observation
  • the Internet can be seen as a large P2P network

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SLIDE 21

Contents

  • Short history
  • First Peer-to-Peer Networks
  • Napster
  • Gnutella
  • CAN
  • Chord
  • Pastry und Tapestry
  • Game theory
  • P2P traffic
  • Codes
  • P2P in the real world

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Peer-to-Peer Networks

01: Organization and Introduction

Christian Schindelhauer

Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg