Poonam Chandra National Centre for Radio Astrophysics Tata - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Poonam Chandra National Centre for Radio Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION Outline What are Supernovae? How we study them? Why we study them? What about us? What are supernovae? DEATH OF A

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Poonam Chandra National Centre for Radio Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

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SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION

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Outline

  • What are Supernovae?
  • How we study them?
  • Why we study them?
  • What about us?
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DEATH OF A MASSIVE STAR

What are supernovae?

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How big???

100,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000 (1029) times more energy than the energy in an atmospheric nuclear bomb!!!! Single Supernova can shine brighter than 100,000,000,000 (1011) stars. As much energy as sun will give in 10,000,000,000 (1010) years.

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In universe 8 new supernovae explode every second.

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MILKY WAY

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Universe has more than 125 billion galaxies

11‐09‐13 Poonam Chandra 8

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03rd Aug 2007

Each galaxy has more than 100 billion stars

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DEATH OF A MASSIVE STAR

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FATE OF SUN

SUN White Dwarf

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The Sun

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Luminosity=3.846×1026 W

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1p + 1p + 1p + 1p = 4He Nuclear fusion reactions

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Chemical reactions inside every star

More chemical reactions in heavy stars (10-50 Msun)

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Nuclear reactions inside a heavy star

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Gravitational Collapse Supernovae

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Thermonuclear Supernovae

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8MΘ≤ M ≤ 30MΘ

Supernova

M ≥ 30MΘ

Gamma Ray Burst

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Gamma Ray Burst

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Poonam Chandra

What are Gamma Ray bursts (GRBs)?

Most energetic events in the universe

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We detect roughly one GRB per day.

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21st Dec 2006

How we study them?

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radio

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GRB Missions

BATSE BeppoSAX

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FERMI AGILE

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SWIFT

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X-ray telescopes

XMM XMM

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Atacama Large Millimeter Array

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RADIO TELESCOPES

VLA GMRT

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Supernovae: the seeds of life

Why we study them?

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03rd Aug 2007

BIG BANG

75% HYDROGEN 25% HELIUM

HEAVY ELEMENTS????

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Nuclear reactions inside a heavy star

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Supernovae: seeds of life

Calcium in our bones Oxygen we breathe Iron, Aluminium in

  • ur cars

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03rd Aug 2007

Supernova and our Universe

Everything going away from us?

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What about us?

  • We?
  • Our Earth?
  • Our Solar System?
  • Our Galaxy?
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21st Dec 2006

SN 1006 Discovered by China, Japan, Europe, Arab in May , 1006. Visible for 3 years till 1009. Very bright Supernova in Lupus constellation.

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21st Dec 2006

Observed by chinese on May 1, 1054. Bright enough to cast shadow on earth. Brighter than ¼ moon. In Taurus Constellation.

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Tycho

Observed by Europeans and east Asians on early November, 1572. In constellation Cassiopeia. As bright as Venus.

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Kepler

Discovered by Europeans and Chinese on Oct 9, 1604. Visible on earth for 1 year. 3 degrees NW of Mars‐Jupiter conjunction.

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Observed by Flamsteed? Exploded in 1658?

CAS A

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Ill Effects?

Biological damage if too close. Mass extinction of dinosaures due to SN? DNA damage due to high-energy particles (neutrinos) Radiation damage to atmosphere Destruction of ozone layer Which gives us UltraViolet protection.

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21st Dec 2006

How Close is Too Close?

Nearest star is 4 light years 30 light years

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Our Earth is Safe…

BETELGEUSE 500 light years away

Nearest Supernova Candidate

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21st Dec 2006

THANKS

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NASA

  • http://science.nasa.gov/researchers/education-

public-outreach/

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11‐09‐13 Poonam Chandra

Chemical explosives ~10‐6 MeV/atom Nuclear explosives ~ 1MeV/nucleon Novae explosions ~few MeV/nucleon Thermonuclear explosions ~few MeV/nucleon SGR giant flares ~ 15 (B/1015G) Mev/electron Core collapse supernovae ~100 MeV/nucleon

Energy scales in various explosions

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ROSAT Swift ASCA Chandra XMM

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Poonam Chandra