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SLIDE 2 Republika e Kosovës Republika Kosova-Republic of Kosovo Qeveria - Vlada - Government
ZYRA E KRYEMINISTRIT/ OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER/ URED PREMIJERA AGJENCIA PËR BARAZI GJINORE /AGENCIJA ZA RAVNOPRAVNOST POLOVA/AGENCY FOR GENDER EQUALITY
[PRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE PRINT MEDIA] 2010-2011 “All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers
- f society. We can vulgarize that society. We can brutalize it. Or
we can help lift it onto a higher level.” December, 2012 Prishtina
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Contents
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of figures ............................................................................................................... .................................. 6 Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction .................................................................................................................. .............................. 11 Why do the media matter? ......................................................................................................................... 13 What should be done? ............................................................................................................................. 13 Legal framework ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Key research findings .................................................................................................................................. 20 Women or men – which get more space? ............................................................................................... 20 Presentation of women and men by topic .............................................................................................. 21 Presentation of women in the print media ................................................................................................ 23 Presentation of women in the print media, by newspaper .................................................................... 24 Presentation of women by topic ............................................................................................................. 25 Women in politics .................................................................................................................................... 26 Women’s concerns about political topics................................................................................................ 28 Presentation of the woman in the ‘Black Chronicle’ ............................................................................... 30 Presentation of women in sport .............................................................................................................. 31 Presentation of women in the media on International Women’s Day ................................................... 34 Presentation of the woman in social topics ............................................................................................ 35 Presentation of women in health ............................................................................................................ 38 Presentation of women in economics ..................................................................................................... 42
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4 Women’s concerns about economic topics ............................................................................................. 43 Women on cultural topics ........................................................................................................................... 44 Gender equality – what do the media report? ........................................................................................ 49 ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Example 1: Fewer women trafficked in Kosovo?..................................................................................... 52 Example 2: Prejudice toward victims through photographs ................................................................... 52 Example 3: “Four human traffickers arrested” ....................................................................................... 53 Example 4: Article titled, “Inxhet” in the Assembly! (Inxhet is a term used to refer to older, women relatives, like aunts) ....... 54 Example 5: Article titled, “Atifete and Ilir: Don’t shame us! .................................................................. 55 Example 6: “The President, a “Casanova”, the first lady, Russian” ........................................................ 56 Example 7: Article titled, “A boy after 14 girls” ...................................................................................... 57 Example 8: Advertisement titled, “Another Boy” .................................................................................... 58 Positive cases .............................................................................................................................................. 59 Clinton: Progress of the woman, progress of humanity .......................................................................... 59 Zero tolerance toward domestic violence ............................................................................................... 59 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... ............................... 61 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 63 References .................................................................................................................................................. 66
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Abbreviations
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List of figures
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Executive summary
- “the presentation of women in the print media in Kosovo”
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Why do the media matter?
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Legal framework
39 Article 116
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8 Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, http://assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/Kushtetuta_sh.pdf 9 Law on Gender Equality, No. 2004/2, http://assembly-kosova.org/common/
docs/ligjet/2004_2_al.pdf
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- Methodology
- Analysis of the presentation of women in the print media, by newspaper
- Analysis of media coverage, by journalist –
- Analysis of articles, by topic –
- Analysis of presentation by visual images
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Women or men – which get more space?
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Figure 1: Presentation of women and men in the print media Presentation of women and men by topic
Women Men and Women No information
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- Figure 2: Presentation of women and men by topic
The voice of women and men in the print media
Citations/Sources
- Social Economic Political Cultural Sport Show Business
Men Women Men and Women
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Figure 3: Women and men as sources of information
Presentation of women in the print media
Men and Women Women No information
Quotations/Sources
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Table 1: Analysis of articles by gender of the author of the article
- Presentation of women in the print media, by newspaper
- Gender of author
By percentage %
100
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Figure 4: Analysis of articles in daily newspapers
- Presentation of women by topic
- No information
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Figure 5: Key topics in which women are represented
- Women in politics
- Economy
Sport Entertainment / Show Business Social Culture
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- Figure 6: Space given to women in decision-making positions
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- Figure 7: Presentation of women politicians on newspaper front pages
- Women’s concerns about political topics
- Front page
Inside newspaper
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Figure 8: Women’s concerns about political topics
Support for Kosovo Integration International Relations Negotiation Politics Gender Equality Social Party Economy
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- Presentation of the woman in the ‘Black Chronicle’
- Figure 9: Presentation of women in the black chronicles
- Domestic violence
Attempted violence Suicide Murder by spouse Human trafficking Murder Attempted murder by spouse
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- Figure 10: Presentation of women in the urban-rural black chronicle
Presentation of women in sport
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Figure 11: Kosovar sportswomen most present in the media
Handball club
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Figure 12: Space given to Kosovar sportswomen
- Figure 13: Space given to sportswomen on newspaper front pages
- Promotion
Participation in competitions Criticism of Kosovar sport Training Interviews Losing in competitions Front page Inside the newspaper
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Presentation of women in the media on International Women’s Day
- Figure 14: Space given to women on International Women’s Day
Reporting Articles Plays Press Releases Exhibitions Opinion articles
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- Presentation of the woman in social topics
- Empowering decision-making
women Education Prevention of violence Culture The missing Institutional support Better working conditions Justice Employment
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Figure 15: Newspaper articles about social topics
Health Violence Employment Poverty Education Other Empowering women Pregnancy
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Figure 16: Women’s concerns about social topics
- Lack of institutional support
Raising awareness Insecurity Successes achieved Increasing phenomena Institutional support
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Figure 17: Quoting women on social topics, in comparison to men
- Presentation of women in health
- Men
Women
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Figure 18: Women’s concerns about health
Professional training of health personnel Early pregnancy and abortion Problems of infrastructure and health personnel Preventing breast cancer Protecting health of mother and child
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Figure 19: Women’s messages about health
- Figure 20: Quotes of women and men about health
- Raising awareness
Increasing institutional support Lack of institutional support Reporting on health care situation Women Men Men and Women No information
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- Figure 21: Sources of information about health
- NGOs
Institutions and health personnel Scientific/research institutions Other
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- Presentation of women in economics
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- Figure 22: Space given to women on economic topics
- Women’s concerns about economic topics
- NGOs
International institutions (donors)
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Figure 23: Women’s concerns about economic topics
Women on cultural topics
business environment Successes achieved Empowering women in the economy Institutional support for women’s businesses Improving economic policies Economic problems
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Figure 24: Ways of presenting women in articles about culture
international/national awards Reports/articles Interviews Promotion Other Quotations
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- Figure 25: Presentation of women in culture
- Theater/plays
Directors/playwr- ights Classical musicians and soloists Popular/entertai- nment singers Actors Writers/poets
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Figure 26: The visual presentation of women in culture
- Figure 27: Presentation of women on front pages
- Negative
(sexist) No photograph Positive Inside Front page No photograph
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Positive and negative photographs about cultural topics
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- Gender equality – what do the media report?
- Figure 28: Articles contributing to gender equality
- Empowering women
Protecting women and children Domestic violence The missing Against discrimination Human trafficking
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- Figure 29: Women’s messages in articles on gender equality
- Equality for women in employment
/ education Protecting victims Empowering role of women Reducing child mortality Economic development Discovering fate of the missing
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Figure 30: Addressing gender equality, by groups
Informal groups of women Relatives NGOs Other
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Example 1: Fewer women trafficked in Kosovo?
women trafficked in Kosovo”
- Example 2: Prejudice toward victims through photographs
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- Example 3: “Four human traffickers arrested”
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Example 4: Article titled, “Inxhet” in the Assembly!
(Inxhet is a term used to refer to older, women relatives, like aunts)
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- Example 5: Article titled, “Atifete and Ilir: Don’t shame us!
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- Example 6: “The President, a “Casanova”, the first lady, Russian”
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Example 7: Article titled, “A boy after 14 girls”
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- Example 8: Advertisement titled, “Another Boy”
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Positive cases
woman, progress of humanity
- Zero tolerance toward domestic violence
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Conclusion
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References
