SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : CASE STUDY Jayant Joshi Waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : CASE STUDY Jayant Joshi Waste Classification Municipal Solid Waste Vegetable Industrial Medical Domestic Construction Market Waste Waste Waste Waste Waste Bio-Degradable Non-Bio- Degradable Kitchen
Jayant Joshi
Municipal Solid Waste Industrial Waste Medical Waste Domestic Waste Bio-Degradable
Kitchen Waste Vegetables, Peels, Garden Waste (Tree Leaves)
Non-Bio- Degradable Recyclable Plastic, Glass,
Metal Paper,
Non-Recyclable Thermacoal, Sanitary Napkins, Diapers Vegetable Market Waste Construction Waste
~51% of Domestic Waste is Compostable
50.89 51.91 50.41 52.38 53.41 50.41 16.28 19.23 21.44 16.78 17.02 21.44 32.82 28.86 28.15 30.85 29.57 28.15 10 20 30 40 50 60 Metro Other Cities East India North India South IndiaWest India Composition of MSW Region/City Composition of MSW in India & Regional Variation Compostable (%) Recyclables (%) Inerts (%)
Domestic Waste Generation Mixing in House Unsegregated Waste Collection Collected by Municipal Corporation (Trucks) Transportation Open Dumping AND/OR Burning
Segregation at Source Sanitary Landfill Or Incineration Recyclable Recycling Plant Non-Bio- Degradable
Existing MSWM System Proposed MSWM System
Bio-Degradable Composting At Source Vermin-Compost Aerobic Compost Anaerobic Biogas
~920m tons of MSW landfill or 843m tons Open Dump (91% of Total Waste Generated)
Inefficient handling of waste by municipalities (50-60%)
Receive Treatment : 10% of the collected waste
Scientific Disposal in Landfill: ~ 0%
No segregation, unsafe disposal
Discarded Composting Rejects : 60%
Utilized Mixed Waste : Only 6-7%
Non-organics and heavy metals reduced efficiency
Calorific Value of MSW-India: NOT suitable for Energy Generation
Although LFG recovery reduces overall GHG emissions
Opportunity to produce 3.6m tons of waste compost
Produces 33.1 m TPY of RDF in the form of composting rejects
Insufficient information on performance of MSW composting facilities
Average Expenditure on SWM : 15 -20% of Total Budget
75% Salaries , 20% Transportation, Rest on other O&M costs
Population : ~1.3Crore Budget for Waste Disposal: 2300 Crore/yr Waste Generate: 11,000 TPD (2014-15 BMC Report)
~630 gm/per Family /Day 15-20% Waste remains uncollected Almost 0% Gets Scientific Treatment >80% of Domestic Waste is Bio-degradable Waste is dumped on Deonar ,it’s capacity is ended 25 years
back,Hari om nagar Mulund it’s closer is declared ,the third is at Kanjur it is not yet stared fully because of litigations.
The height of the waste tower at Deonar has reached about 55
meters or 165 feet equivalent , as against the 35-metre cap mandated by the Airports Authority of India.
No scientific dumping ground allocated Last two years all the new Housing projects are being
rejected
Unauthorized construction are in full swing 200 crore revenue loss Day by day MSW quantity is on increase Dirtiest city in India 24 Hrs garbage heaps are left burning Thane and Mumbai are also on the same Path
Our all the water resources are polluted and not giving potable water
Mumbai –Malad beach is full of garbage thrown in the deep sea ,came back with high tide
Holy water to immerse Flower
Open Burning of Solid Wastes and Landfill Fires Emit 22,000 TPY
CO, HC,H2S , NOx , SOx, SO2 , dioxins, furans Particulate Matter
Burning at Ground Levels
Upper Respiratory tract Disorders to the Locals
Mix Waste Compost Samples Fall Below QC standards
Exceeded Quantities of Heavy Metals
Soil, Air, Water Pollution Physically Challenged Next Generation
Understating Municipal Waste Existing Methods of composting
Merits and Demerits Case Studies
Proposed Solution
De-Centralization of Waste
Summary
Conclusion Next Steps
Deonar:
Largest Garbage Dump in Mumbai, (possibly India)
132-Hectare Site Receives ~4000 to 5000Tons of waste/Day
Home to Thousands of Scavengers
Open Pit Toilet Leading to Health Hazards
an integrated waste management facility given to United Phosphorous (2009)
Disputes ->No Compost Plant Yet
Caught Severe Fire on Jan 28. 2016
Severity: Visible even from Space
Thick Smoke (Acrid smoke)That Bloated Out the Sun
Severe Threat to the health of those who live nearby
Fire lasted for more than four days
Possible Causes:
Self combustion of methane inside the dump Misconduct ? Irresponsibility ?
Piles of Trash in Deonar ~30m Tall 9 Story Building..!! -NASA
People’s Attitude Innocence Ignorance Arrogance
The civic administration, in its 2014-15 budget,
Methods Merits Demerits
Recycle
follow ed
Aerobic Composting
chain if used as Mixed .
Small Scale Bio-Gas/ Methanization
Vermi Compost
Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
Waste to Energy Combustion (WTE)
composting
National Level
Law must be implemented very strictly promotion of consumer awareness. promotion of producer responsibility for post-consumer wastes. Required Change In Packing Material
Local Level
At Source Segregation . recovery of materials from mixed waste. Implementation of Three R support of home composting, either centralized or small-scale.
it will require mechanized mixing , sifting et.
GHG Emission Decomposition Domestic Waste
Organic Discards Natural Aerobic Decomposition CO2 Emission No Methane Not Considered in GHG Computations Anaerobic Environment High Carbohydrates
CH4 Emission 21 times more dangerous than CO2
High in Nitrogen (Food Scrap, Manure, Glass)
N2O 300Times more dangerous than CO2
People are not cultured People are to be educated Corporaters are inefficient Dry and wet Garbage is not segregated at source There is no enough space for composting Metropolitan cities are growing uncontrolled There is no punishment for misbehavior No enough funds Dumping ground is the
problem
City garbage problem is going
Compost Basket It converts all the kitchen waste in to good compost inside the kitchen
without any smell
Gives good quality compost useful for organic Garden Very Economical, Last for many years No recurring cost Makes the citizen aware of their duties Converts Food waste ,Fruit waste , Flowers
Tea powder, Fish bones ,Prawn , Egg shells in to compost Very fast and Robust
Common box made up of M.S mesh with Netlon inside of 2X3X2 size of 325 Lts capacity Easily assembled, Good mobility Highly recommended for 15-20 families , hotels , Canteens and Garden waste Can be kept open no civil structure is required Low Capital cost or running cost No emission of Methane . Useful for about 25 kg waste /day
In-house Bulk Composting Solution
Up’Grade Mix + Food Waste = Compost (25-30 Days) Primary Segregation into Dry and Wet by Residents ~78kg of wet waste /day/complex
780Kg/month
Beneficial Microbes Isolated from Tropical Agricultural Soils
Blended with Coco peat as Carrier Material
Enhance Aerobic Decomposition
Low Cost
Shredder (Rs. 30,000) + Crates (Rs.400/unit) by Society
Worm Free and Odor Free
White Coal (RDF/WTE) Gorai Dumping Ground Closure First Housing Society: No Waste to Landfills
Converting Fallen Trees Into White Coal ( Briquettes )
Cheaper than firewood and black coal Replaces traditional coal, lignite, gas etc. Application: Boiler Fuel in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan India : Leading Manufacturer and Consumer -Wikipedia
Not the Ideal Way
Wastage of Biomass (Organic Material) Required Infrastructure consumes more energy than the Need to convert into compost for efficient utilization Emits Co2 ,which is trapped by Plants
Marathon Era Co HSC- Parel, Mumbai
36 Storey Complex 236 flats Generate 300kg/day
No Impact on Environment
1500sqft Waste Sorting Area Section 1: Bio-degradable or wet Waste is Composted
Wet Waste, Kitchen Refuse
Section 2: Recycle 9 Categories
(Plastic, Glass, Paper, Electronics)
Awareness in Residents..!! 600kg of ‘Organic Fertilizer’ per month
Manure is used in society garden Excess is distributed among residents
Parel-Mumbai, Mumbai University Canteen Wet Garbage, Cow dung, non-potable Water
Peels, Vegetables ,Waste/ Extra food
Biogas
Cost 25000/Rs
5kg Waste ,4 hours supply of gas
1m3 in 24 hours
Residue is used as Organic manure in the Garden
Remains slushy
Requires a lot of water and space Low Efficiency
Effective But NOT IDEAL
Your own Property Simple Maintenance The out put of this is valuable
compost for your garden.
This will eliminate the waste
transportation from Kitchen to dumping ground
Being aerobic process it is
faster.
Very Economical You have to pay from your
It occupies space in your
house
If the user is not willing to
follow the procedure the process fails .
Its very difficult to change the
mindset of person .NIMBY syndrome Merits Demerits
Less Space Very Economical No Odor Significant Reduction in
Transportation Cost
Easy Maintenance Fast Conversion Aerobic Decomposition No GHG Require Cooperation of all No Control Over Team
Members
Everyone Need to be Aware Shared Responsibility System Fails if anyone Fails
to segregate at source
If not operated properly
Anaerobic decomposition
GHG
Merits
Demerits
How do organic discards contribute to greenhouse gases? By definition, all organic discards contain carbon. When they decompose naturally under aerobic conditions the CO2 they give off is part of the natural short-term carbon cycle6. Since this is part of the natural flux of CO2 it is not considered in GHG computations. However, when those organic discards are placed in an anaerobic environment the decomposers will convert and release the carbon as methane and other volatile
food scraps, manures and grass clippings, under wet and
decomposition, roughly 300 times worse than carbon dioxide.
19.6 Hectare : 2200TPD since 1972
Total Waste ~2.34 million tons (26m high)
Scientific Closure on July 25, 2009 by United Phosphorus
Covering of Reformed Slopes with Soil Relocation and Reformation of Existing Waste Landscaping and Compound Wall Construction Systems Installed Include
Landfill Gas Collection and Venting system Leachate collection system Flaring System
Incinerate the Landfill Gasses Flare Burner with 12m High Chimney
Maintenance Period 15years
Power Generation from Methane : for 10 years..!!
Toxins are still seeping into the ocean Fish are getting infected Inherently WE are consuming toxins via Fish
Only 3 Crore
Proposed Step 1 : Sanitization using Bacteria and flies
Essentially Composting..!!
Proposal was Denied and Given to United Phosphorous..!!
Low Cost
Composting : Naturally Recommended (90%)
Gain :90L Ton of Compost for Organic Farming
Equivalent to Rs. 27,000 crore per year Can make baron land fertile 90L ton food in India.!!!
Healthy Food and NO MORE Rejects from EU/ UK
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/eu-rejects-indian-grapes-290 Promote Organic Farming
Recyclable
In India recycle of PET material is not used. In USA bottle is made of 50% recycle bottle.