Cell Unit What do you know about cells? Vocabulary #1-7 (textbook - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cell Unit

What do you know about cells?

Vocabulary #1-7 (textbook page 51)

• 1. Cell - the basic unit of structure and function of living things
• 2. Microscopic - too small to be seen without using a microscope
• 3. Organism - any living thing that maintains vital life processes
• 4. Cell Membrane – the thin covering that surrounds and protects

every cell; lets nutrients in and wastes out

• 5. Nucleus – the part of a cell that directs all the cell’s activities
• 6. Cytoplasm – a jelly-like material inside a cell between the cell

membrane and the nucleus

• 7. Protist - a simple, single-celled or multi-celled organism with a

nucleus and organelles

Vocabulary #8-14

• 8. Moneran - a single celled organism that does not have a

membrane bound nucleus.

• 9. Organelles – the parts of the cell that float in the cytoplasm
• 10. Mitochondria – called the “powerhouses”, they release

energy from nutrients

• 11. Vacuole - store nutrients, water, or waste until the cell uses
• r releases these substances
• 12. Cell Wall – supports and gives shape to the cell
• 13. Chloroplasts – contains chlorophyll that uses sunlight,

carbon dioxide, and water to make food (sugar)

• 14. Nuclear Membrane – protects the nucleus

Lesson 1 What are cells?

▶ Six Processes of all Living Things ▶ Cell Theory ▶ 3 Famous Scientists ▶ 2 categories of Cells ▶ Plant Cell ▶ Animal Cell

▶ Single Celled Organisms

Six Life Processes of all living things

Living things…

• 1. Take in nutrients
• 2. Need and use energy to work
• 3. Reproduce
• 4. Grow
• 5. Respond to the world around them
• 6. Get rid of waste

Living or Not Living slides…

Characteristics of Life #1 3:39 Characteristics of Life #2 6:07

Cell Theory

• 1. all living organisms are

composed of one or more cells

• 1. the cell is the basic unit of

structure and organization in

• rganisms
• 1. all cells come from pre-existing

cells

The Wacky History of Cell Theory

3 Famous Scientists

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

➢ As a hobby, he built magnifying lenses and used them to build simple microscopes. ➢ He was the first person to see microscopic organisms. Under his microscope, he studied pond water, saliva, and even the plaque from his teeth. ➢ He saw tiny living creatures he called them "animalcules". He did not know it then, but the tiny animals were bacteria!

3 Famous Scientists

Robert Hooke

➢ He discovered cells when looking at thin slices of cork through a microscope. ➢ Latin for the word room is "cell". ➢ He saw a pattern of small rectangular boxlike squares in the cork which reminded him of "little rooms“ or cells.

3 Famous Scientists

Ernest Just (1883–1941)

▶ He worked hard to get a college degree & majored in

• biology. He worked in the Marine Biological

Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA

▶ He discovered there were other parts of the cell that

did more than just what the nucleus did!

▶ Just discovered that cell activity depended not just

• n the nucleus but also on the cytoplasm (the fluid

that fills the cell). He changed the way scientist thought about cells!

Plant cells

▶ cell membrane is a living part of the

cell & controls what flows in & out of the cell

▶ Rectangular in shape ▶ make their own food in the

chloroplasts

▶ contain vacuoles that are much larger

than those that are in animal cells

Wonder of Cells 2:55 Why are Cells important? 3:36

Plant Cell

Vacuole Cell Membrane Chloroplast Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell Wall

Plant Cell Label and Color It!

Animal Cell

▶ Most animal cells have a nucleus. ▶ have a jell-like material outside the

nucleus called cytoplasm

▶ surrounded by a cell membrane (do

not have a cell wall)

▶ There are many kinds of animal

cells

▶ circular in shape

Animal Cell Video 11:35

Animal Cell

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Ribosome
• Vacuole
• Nucleus

Animal Cell Label and Color It!

Cell Videos!

Cell Rap Video 3:08 Cell Song Video 3:09

Single-Celled Organisms

3 types: 1.Animal like Protist

• amoeba, paramecium, euglena
• 2. Plant like Protist
• diatoms & euglena
• 3. Bacteria
• type of moneran

Intro to the Protists

Txtbk page 58

• 1. Animal like Protists (Protozoan)

❑ Have a nucleus ❑ no chloroplasts ❑ they “eat” other small organisms (like algae & bacteria) ❑ Classified by the way they move & search for food (flagella, cilia, or

pseudopod)

❑ Examples:

✓ Amoeba - move cytoplasm & push against the cell membrane ✓ Paramecium - move by hair-like structures ✓ Euglena- move tail-like structure in a circular motion

Amoeba eats 2 paramecium! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk

Single Celled Organisms move with:

Pseudopods (false foot) Flagella (lash like tail) Cilia (tiny hairs)

Amoeba Cool Fact! Predators - they stretch out their cytoplasm to surround prey & then break it down into nutrients Parasites - harm

• ther organisms by

feeding off of them

Amoeba

▶ have chloroplasts, a cell wall, & make their own food ▶ eyespot used for sensing light and dark ▶ Many are found floating in the ocean or water ▶ Examples:

1.

Diatom - have chloroplasts, produce a lot of Earth’s oxygen & food for ocean life.

2.

Euglena (yes, plant like too!)

• 2. Plant like Protists (algae)

▶ Most don’t have chlorophyll ▶ Smallest monerans & found everywhere ▶ Bacteria are classified by their shape:

▶ spherical, rod, spiral, comma, or corkscrew

• 3. Bacteria

Moneran is from the Greek word “monosa” meaning solitary, single, alone

Digestion Cheese Yogurt Decomposition Diseases like: Lyme disease anthrax tetanus food poisoning acne pneumonia strep throat scarlet fever cilia flagella Cilia and flagella are used to help the cell move itself. Bacteria Video: https://www.brainpop.com/scienc e/cellularlifeandgenetics/bacteria/

• 15. Tissue - group of cells that work together to preform a certain

function

• 16. Organs - a group of tissues that work together to perform a

certain function

• 17. Organ Systems - groups of organs that work together to do a

job for the body

• 18. Digestive system – the organ system that turns food into

nutrients that body cells need for energy, growth, and repair

Lesson 2: How do cells work together? (txtbk p. 61)

Lesson 3: How do Body Systems Work Together?

19.Circulatory System – the organ system made up of the heart, blood

vessels, and blood that transports materials

20.Respiratory System – the organ system, including the lungs, that

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment

21.Skeletal System – the organ system, including the bones, that

protests the body and gives it structure

22.Muscular System – the organ system that includes the muscles and

allows the body to move

Textbk page 71

Lesson 3 continued:

• 23. Nervous System – the organ system including the brain, spinal

cord, and nerves that senses your surroundings and controls

• ther organs
• 24. Excretory System – the organ system, including the kidneys and

bladder, that removes waste materials from blood

• 25. Endocrine system – involved in regulating mood, growth and

development, tissue function, and metabolism

Cells are Building Blocks

Organism There are around 2.5 billion cells in one of your hands. If every cell in your hand was the size of a grain of sand, your hand would be the size of a school bus. There are over 200 cell types in the body!

There are many different kinds of cells!

They all do specific jobs for special purposes. Each and every one is important and is part of a larger

• rgan system.

Cell Structures 2:13

A Closer Look at BLOOD!

help fight diseases help clot blood

• delivers oxygen

Red Blood Cells

• Mostly water
• delivers nutrients &

removes wastes from cells

Plasma White Blood Cells Platelets Blood is a connective tissue! https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/blood/

▶ Cells work together to perform a certain function

form a tissue

▶ Tissues work together to form organs ▶ Organs are several kinds of tissue working

together for the same function

▶ We will learn about 8 organ systems:

• 1. Digestive
• 2. Circulatory
• 3. Nervous
• 4. Respiratory
• 5. Muscular
• 6. Skeletal
• 7. Excretory
• 8. Endocrine

Lesson 2 Notes:

Body Systems Review

• 1. Digestive System

❑ Breaks food down into chemical nutrients that

body cells need for energy, growth, and repair

❑ The process: ▪

Mouth - glands produce saliva

▪

Esophagus

▪

Stomach - acid & other chemicals break down food

▪

Large to Small intestines – lined with villi

▪

Pancreas & gall bladder – complete digestion

Digestion video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QYwscALNng

• 2. Circulatory System

❑ The organs:

▪

heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, & veins), & blood

❑ The process: ▪

Arteries - blood leaves the heart

▪

Capillaries - very tiny

▪

Veins – return blood to the heart

Arteries-red Veins-blue

Circulatory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo

• 3. Nervous System

❑ The organs: ▪ Neurons, brain & spinal cord ❑ 2 main parts: ▪ Central nervous system – brain &

spinal cord

▪ Peripheral nervous system –

sensory organs (eyes, ears, fingers, nose, mouth)

School House Rock-Nervous system: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_

• 4. Respiratory System

❑ The process: ▪

Nose/Mouth - tiny hairs filter air

▪

Throat - Larynx & Pharynx

▪

Trachea

▪

Bronchi - tubes that branch to lungs

▪

Lungs

▪

Alveoli - oxygen moves into the blood, CO2 moves into the lungs to be exhaled

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPdGQ- A_yM4&list=PL1CzFup4D2Cf4umSaFI_CCp8uhxHC 9xaQ&index=7

• 5. Muscular System

❑ Muscles are a type of connective

tissue

❑ Types of muscle: ▪

Skeletal – work in pairs to contract & straighten, we can control these muscles

▪

Smooth – walls of body organs

▪

Cardiac – walls of the heart

▪

smooth & cardiac muscles are involuntary-we can’t control them

• 6. Skeletal System

❑ Babies have more bones than

adults!

▪

Babies have around 306 bones

▪

Adults bones fuse together to end up with 206 bones

❑ Skeletal Systems includes: ▪

Bones – blood cells are produces inside the largest bones

▪

Cartilage – spongy tissue that cushions the end of bones

▪

Ligaments - hold bones together

• 7. Excretory System

❑ balances the amount of water

and salts in our bodies

❑ The organs: ▪ Kidneys ▪ Ureter ▪ Bladder ▪ urethra ❑ Kidneys have filter magic & keep

us hydrated!

• 8. Endocrine System

❑ Pituitary Gland – master gland

• f the endocrine system

❑ Thyroid Gland – produces

hormones that controls how the body uses & stores fuel (metabolism)

❑ Pancreas – part of the digestive

system, produces hormones that regulates glucose called insulin

❑ Adrenal glands – above each

kidney, secretes adrenaline (body’s response to stress)

• 1. Pituitary Gland

▶ What? the “master gland” and it’s the size of a pea ▶ Where? Located at the base of the brain below the

hypothalamus

▶ Produces? hormones that regulate production on other

endocrine glands

▶ Such as: growth hormone, keeps the balance of water

in our body, and endorphins (desensitizes us to pain) Pituitary Gland Video

• 2. Thyroid

▶ What? responsible for metabolism and shaped

like a bow tie or butterfly

▶ Where? in the front part of lower neck ▶ Controlled by? The pituitary gland

• 3. Pancreas

▶ What? a duct and ductless gland ▶ Where? behind the stomach

▶ Produces? hormones that regulate

glucose in the blood called insulin

Pancreas Video

• 4. Adrenal Gland

▶ What? Helps the body’s response to stress ▶ Where? on the top of each kidney ▶ Produces? the hormone (adrenaline) which

increases blood pressure & heart rate when the body experiences stress

Adrenal Gland Video Fight of Flight Video